Treatment Options for Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias (CDAs): Advances in Bone Marrow Transplantation, Gene Therapy, and Targeted Therapies
Published on: 30th November, 2024
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia (CDA) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the maturation of red blood cells. The disorder is classified into different types, with a prevalence ranging from 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 1,000,000 individuals. Treatment strategies are designed with the primary focus on symptom management, the prevention and treatment of complications, and the underlying disease pathophysiology. The advent of bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy, and targeted therapies has considerably expanded the scope for therapeutic intervention in CDAs. Supportive care, including blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy, has demonstrated efficacy in managing iron overload and improving overall survival rates. The potential of gene therapy, targeted therapies, and hematopoietic growth factors in the treatment of CDA is currently being investigated. Further research and clinical trials are required to develop more effective and personalized therapeutic interventions.
Plant growth, Yield and Leaf Nutritional value of Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) as Influenced by Banana Peel levels under Salt Stress conditions in Coastal region of Cameroon
Published on: 30th November, 2024
In the world, millions of hectares of cultivated land are affected by salt, making salinity a major constraint for plant production. The effects of different levels of banana peel on growth, yield, and chemical changes of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) under salt stress were examined herein. Response of jute to applications of different levels of banana peel (5, 10, and 15 t ha-1), as well as water irrigation salinity at 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The outcome uncovered that salinity caused significant reduction of plant growth and yield parameters, chlorophyll (at 21.6%), LRWC (at 18.9%), P (at 57.1%) and K (at 45.4%) content, while MDA content (at 351.8%), Na (at 266%), soluble proteins (70.2%), total phenolic (at 23.4%) accumulation showed an increase from 0 to 200 mM NaCl without BP application. The banana peel treatments (at 15 t ha-1 under 200 mM NaCl) diminished significantly damaging effects caused by salinity via a reduction in the Na (at 28.4%), total soluble sugars (at 17.8%), total flavonoids (at 20.1%), which enhanced number of leaves per plant (37.1%), plant height (at 19.8%), leave yield (at 41.4%), LRWC (at 12.8%), Mg (at 24.2%) and reduced the MDA content (at 20%), presenting a favorable effect in reducing the oxidative stress that emerged from salt stress. It could be concluded, that the application of 15 t ha-1 of BP was superior in promoting plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality than others under control and in the saline soils in this study. BP at 15 t ha-1 had a more reduced damage of salt stress effect on growth, yield, nutritional value, and use efficiency.
String Theory without Extra Dimensions and Without Supersymmetry
Published on: 29th November, 2024
We know that until today no experiment observation has shown the existence of Supersymmetric particles [1] or additional dimensions.
Cyclical Cosmology, Energy and Curvature of Space-Time
Published on: 28th November, 2024
Cyclical cosmic conditions illuminate profound philosophical and physical implications regarding the fundamental nature of the universe. From this perspective, a singularity could actually symbolize a transformation of the underlying structures and laws of our universe, providing insights into the relationships among energy, curvature, and existence of the universe itself. In cyclical cosmology, the universe can be understood as existing in two distinct states: a static potential state and an active kinetic state. Quantum mechanics also reinforces the belief that even in seemingly empty spaces, vacuum fluctuations and differences in potential can give rise to emergent phenomena.
The Lived Experiences of Addiction Counselors and Applications for Building Resiliency
Published on: 27th November, 2024
As addiction counselors suffer from Burnout (BO) and Compassion Fatigue (CF), turnover rates increase and subsequently, there are fewer addiction counselors available to provide care for those experiencing addiction. A qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was conducted to interview addiction counselors believed to be resilient to BO and CF. All nine participants held the Master Addiction Counselor (MAC) certification awarded by the National Certification Commission for Addiction Professionals (NCC AP) and worked in addiction counseling for five years minimum. Previous studies show only 58% of addiction counselors remain in the field for five or more years and 29% maintain their current job for 5 or more years (therefore resiliency in this sample was inferred). Identified themes relating to resiliency factors were gleaned and implications were explored.
Expression of Cholinesterase in Bone Tumors, Blood and Cord Blood
Published on: 27th November, 2024
The present study aimed to analyze Cholinesterase (CE) levels in cord blood from preeclamptic women and to evaluate cholinesterase status in patients with osteosarcoma. Serum cholinesterase levels were assessed in 30 cases of osteosarcoma and 30 controls suffering from musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, maternal and cord blood samples were collected from 25 women with preeclampsia and compared with those from 25 normotensive pregnant women and 25 normal, healthy controls. The results indicated that serum cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in osteosarcoma patients (Group I) compared to those with musculoskeletal pain (Group II, p < 0.05). Similarly, cholinesterase levels were reduced in the maternal blood of women with preeclampsia when compared to normotensive controls. Cord blood cholinesterase levels were lower in the infants of normotensive mothers, with levels reaching 88.65% of the maternal levels. Furthermore, cord blood cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women. When comparing cholinesterase levels to those of normal controls, it was observed that CE levels were significantly elevated in both normotensive and preeclamptic women. The findings of low serum cholinesterase levels in this study suggest that cholinesterase secreted by osteoblasts is utilized in bone formation and tumorigenesis. Additionally, the decrease in cholinesterase levels associated with preeclampsia may be linked to the loss of muscarinic cholinergic receptors that occur in this condition.
eHealth Literacy and Gender Disparities: Insights from an Internal Survey
Published on: 26th November, 2024
The increasing reliance on digital health services, particularly in light of recent global health crises, has highlighted the importance of eHealth literacy. This study explores the role of eHealth literacy in managing health outcomes, with a specific focus on gender disparities. Using data from the “Truck Tour-Banca del Cuore 2023” survey, which included 354 participants, we examined how integrated technology influences health monitoring and management strategies. Our findings underscore the critical role of eHealth literacy in improving health outcomes and reducing gender disparities, particularly in the context of digital health interventions.
Efficiency of Artificial Intelligence for Interpretation of Chest Radiograms in the Republic of Tajikistan
Published on: 25th November, 2024
The article presents data from recent publications and own data on screening studies with interpretation of chest radiographs using artificial intelligence CAD (Computer-Assisted Diagnosis), which, according to WHO recommendations, provides more accurate clinical thresholds for deciding who needs to take a sputum test. Another aspect of the WHO recommendations is the cost-effectiveness of CAD as a tool for triaging patients with tuberculosis symptoms in low-income countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Compared with smear microscopy and GeneXpert, without preliminary sorting, the use of mobile digital X-ray machines equipped with a CAD tool reduces costs, allowing sorting of individuals suspected of having tuberculosis for testing on GeneXpert, while reducing the time to start tuberculosis treatment.Thus, conducting a study using portable X-ray machines using a CAD program is a low-cost and easy-to-implement method, does not require large funds, does not require separate rooms, is highly effective, has good image quality, allows you to quickly clarify individuals suspected of having tuberculosis, differentiating it from other pathological changes in the lungs.Our experience shows that machine analysis of chest computed tomography data, due to the higher resolution capabilities of the method and the absence of fundamental disadvantages of radiography, including the effect of shadow summation, the presence of “blind” zones, etc., is finding increasing application in both diagnostics and screening of respiratory diseases. Our use of this tool allowed us to identify additional new cases of phthisio-onco-pulmonary diseases in field conditions.
Closure of Post-infarct Basal Ventricular Septal Defect by Using an Atrial Septal Defect Closure Device: A Case Report
Published on: 25th November, 2024
Ventricular Septal Defect, also known as VSD is a rare and life-threatening complication associated with MI. Therefore, it should be immediately diagnosed and treated. Transcatheter closure of the ventricular septal defect is a new alternative treatment approach compared to surgery. In this case, we presented a patient with post-infarct basal ventricular septal defect whose ventricular septal defect was closed using an atrial septal defect closure device. The ability to successfully close such a large defect via catheter is promising for the treatment of patients with VSD.
Analysis of Psychological and Physiological Responses to Snoezelen Multisensory Stimulation
Published on: 25th November, 2024
This study evaluates the effects of two months of regular snoezelen therapy on anger-hostility (AH), assessing both psychological and physiological indicators before and after the intervention. Using the Profile of Mood States (POMS-2), the research measured changes in anger-hostility levels and stress responses, comparing pre- and post-intervention data. At baseline, participants exhibited relatively high levels of anger-hostility, with psychological scores averaging 40.14 (± 2.46) and physiological scores averaging 42.25 (± 2.71), indicating significant irritability, aggression, and elevated stress responses. After two months of multisensory stimulation in a snoezelen room, participants’ psychological scores decreased to 37.40 (± 2.26) and physiological scores to 39.50 (± 2.01), suggesting improvements in mood and physiological stress. The statistical analysis yielded a p - value of 0.047, indicating that the reductions were significant. These findings suggest that snoezelen therapy can be effective in reducing anger-hostility and associated physiological stress, offering a promising intervention for emotional regulation and stress management.
Medication Compliance and Affecting Factors in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Turkey
Published on: 25th November, 2024
Objective: This research was conducted to determine medication compliance and factors affecting compliance with type 2 diabetes patients in public hospitals.Method: This research is a descriptive type of research, which is one of the Quantitative research types. There was no sample selection in the study, and the study was conducted with 100 patients who met the Inclusion criteria. Research data was collected between December 2022 and June 2023. Results: The patients ' compliance with the medication appears to be at a moderate level. The difference in the Medication Compliance Reporting scale mean scores difference According to the patients' genders, whom they live with, marital status, diabetes duration, treatment method, and daily insulin application the status is not statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the medication compliance of elderly type 2 diabetic patients was at a moderate level. It is recommended That nurses organize awareness training on the factors affecting medication compliance of elderly type 2 diabetic patients and That the research be conducted with a larger sample group.
Anterior Laparoscopic Approach Combined with Posterior Approach for Lumbosacral Neurolysis: A Case Report
Published on: 25th November, 2024
Background and importance: Sacral fractures often lead to injuries of the lumbosacral nerve, which will cause tremendous damage to the patient’s motor and sensory functions. At present, the most commonly used surgical method is the posterior median approach, the extent and degree of neurolysis are often insufficient, so the effect of neurolysis is not well, and the functional recovery of patients after operation is often incomplete.Clinical presentation: The patient was a 17-year-old male who accidentally fell from a height and landed on his hip. The main clinical feature of the patient was persistent radiating pain in the right lower extremity with right lower limb sensorimotor disorder. The results of the X-ray examination indicated a sacral fracture and a right pubic fracture. After the injury, the patient underwent pelvic internal fixation surgery within 72 hours. Then 6 months after the surgery, there was no significant improvement in right lower limb function, and the patient came to our hospital seeking treatment. Considering the severe lumbosacral plexus injury and the history of surgery, we performed an “Anterior surgery approach combined with posterior approach for lumbosacral neurolysis” for the patient, postoperative radiation pain disappeared completely, and there were significant improvements in the muscle strength of some muscles and sensory function.Conclusion: The relaxation of the lumbosacral plexus is usually performed through a single surgical approach, which has great limitations in the effect of relaxation. Here, we demonstrate a case in which posterior lumbar incision and anterior laparoscopic lumbosacral plexus neurolysis can benefit the patient, the lumbosacral nerve was released to a great extent. We aim to bring this case to the attention of our worldwide neurosurgical colleagues and share our surgical approach to assist those who may encounter this case in the future.
Hypercalcemia due to Elevated 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in Tophaceous Gout - Case Report and Literature Review
Published on: 22nd November, 2024
Granulomatous diseases can cause hypercalcemia due to elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D through the production of 1-α hydroxylase by macrophages in the granulomas. Tophaceous gout is not considered to cause this picture. However, there are a few case reports of this occurrence in tophaceous gout, as well as the description of intense 1-α hydroxylase activity in granulomas of tophi in gout patients. We review this literature, and we report a well-documented case of hypercalcemia with elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with extensive tophaceous gout and tophi loaded with granulomas. An extensive work-up ruled out other causes of hypercalcemia and granulomatous diseases. Prednisone corrected the chemical abnormalities. Diffuse tophaceous gout should be considered a rare cause of hypercalcemia due to excessive 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D.
Physiotherapy Undergraduate Students’ Perception About Clinical Education; A Qualitative Study
Published on: 22nd November, 2024
Background: Clinical education is an important component of physiotherapy education programs. It provides insights to the students in the fields of physiotherapy practice, develops leadership, and enhances their clinical skills in patient assessment, examination, diagnosis, treatment, planning, and intervention selection. The dimension of physiotherapy education is in the developing phase in Nepal. For further growth, the experience and the perception of the students are very important. Through this, the facilitators and barriers in physiotherapy clinical education need to be recognized. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers in physiotherapy clinical education in Nepal from a student’s perspective.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to identify the perception of physiotherapy undergraduate students about their clinical education and to find out the facilitators and barriers in clinical education.Methods: A qualitative research using focused group discussion was conducted. Ethical considerations were taken from respective departments and IRC approval was taken. BPT 3rd year, 4th year, and intern students of KUSMS were called to participate in the study. After the consent from the participants, focus groups of 6 participants (2 participants from each 3rd year, 4th year, and intern) were formed. In five FGDs, data saturation was observed and no further FGDs were conducted. FGDs were collected with audio tape recordings. The data were transcribed verbatim and translated into the English language. Then data coding was done and themes and sub-themes were generated from the codes.Results: Through the transcribed and translated data, seven themes were generated which were clinical education, student expectation, student attitude and behavior, roles and responsibilities of clinical educators, exposure, resources, and miscellaneous. These headings explained the perception of facilitators and barriers.Conclusion: The facilitators and barriers to physiotherapy clinical education were identified through student’s perspectives. These findings should be considered while preparing the guiding document for clinical education to enhance the quality of education.
Various Theories of Fast and Ultrafast Magnetization Dynamics
Published on: 21st November, 2024
The background of my paper is that magnetization dynamics is a very important subject of basic and technological research. The purpose of the paper is to review various theories of magnetization dynamics. There are many important technological applications of magnetization dynamics.
Human Performance Augmenting Drugs and Technologies
Published on: 19th November, 2024
In many sectors, ranging from sports and military operations to professional settings (notably cognitive enhancement); human performance augmentation has been an enduring ambition. The idea behind this movement, known as human enhancement, has evolved over time from simple means of training to the improvement or augmentation of physical ability through recent developments in fields such as pharmaceuticals and implantable devices that can enhance natural abilities. They span from pharmaceutical agents to wearable technologies used for sophisticated self-experimentation, which offer promise but also present ethical, health, and societal risks Performance-Enhancing Drugs are used to enhance the performance of humans in one way or another as a basic idea. The categories of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) included are Stimulants: Stimulant drugs, including amphetamines and caffeine (in the form of coffee) have been used for thousands of endeavours and physical stamina for decades. There have been many sources of controversy in the sporting world due to use or misuse and side-effectual restrictions. The release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and allowing muscles to grow big, and fast. Nevertheless, the consumption of anabolic steroids is strictly controlled because it has side effects and complications such as liver damage, hormonal imbalances, and greater aggression. Erythropoietin EPO is a hormone that produces red blood cells, and increased oxygen delivery to muscle. EPO Athletes and even more notably endurance athletes (such as cyclists) have a storied history of abusing this performance-enhancing agent to build stamina. However, the misuse of this drug can be very hazardous, as it causes complications such as blood clotting and heart issues.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Streptomyces sp. PERM2, its Potential Modes of Action and Bioactive Compounds
Published on: 18th November, 2024
Background: Microorganisms belonging to Streptomyces sp. are Gram-positive bacteria known for their unsurpassed capacity for the production of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of ethyl acetate Streptomyces sp. PERM2 extract, its potential modes of action and bioactive secondary metabolites.Results: The ethyl acetate PERM2 extract showed antimicrobial activity more pronounced on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value (MIC) of 0.5 mg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 2 - 4 mg/mL against bacterial pathogens. MIC value against pathogenic fungi was 2 mg/mL and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 0.01 - 0.05 mg/mL against pathogenic fungi. PERM2 crude extract showed the ability to inhibit bacteria cell wall synthesis at 0.5 and 1 MIC. The extract was found to possess dose-dependent 2,2-Diphenyl-picrylhadrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Ferric reducing activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of three major compounds identified as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (29.75%), tridecyl trifluoroacetate (24.82%) and 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate (22.34%). The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed the presence of 22 non-volatile metabolites in PERM2 extract and only the compound 3, 30-O-dimethylellagic acid was identified. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ethyl acetate Streptomyces sp. PERM2 extract possesses antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities; inhibits bacteria cell wall and protein synthesis; and contains significant bioactive secondary metabolites which could be used as an alternative to multi-resistance antibiotics.
Inventorization and Exploration of Floral Diversity in Metropolitan Cities of India for Their Suitability in Floriculture of Kashmir
Published on: 18th November, 2024
Floriculture is the branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation and management of flowers and ornamental plants and has blossomed into commercial activity with considerable growth and a useful crop diversification option, particularly for small farmers over the past three decades. It is a global industry with significant economic, social, and aesthetic values. Globally 171 countries practice floriculture. India occupies 51st position in terms of exports and contributes Rs. 455 crores which is 0.06% of global trade.The present study was carried out during the College on Wheels project organized by the Higher Education Council, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, and was aimed to explore the floral and ornamental plant diversity of major metropolitan cities like Delhi, Goa, Bengaluru, Mumbai, etc. of India for evaluating their suitability for introduction in floriculture of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.The floral and ornamental plant species were explored, photographed, evaluated, identified, and inventorised. A total of 51 species belonging to 23 different families of floral and ornamental plants were explored and evaluated in terms of parameters like climate, soil type, photoperiod requirements, watering needs, and maintenance requirements for their cultivation. It was found that some of the explored species of ornamental plants were already introduced into the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir because the parameters for the successful growth and thriving of these species match with the existing climatic and other conditions in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Besides, the climatic and other requirements of some of the explored species were found in conformity with the climatic and other parameters available in the Union Territory of J&K for the successful establishment and growth of plants. Thus, there is an urgent need to introduce these explored species into the region to enhance the floral diversity of ornamental plants, beautify the landscape, and promote tourism and the generation of better livelihood. The Department of Floriculture should take a lead role in this direction to import these floral and ornamental plant specimens from pan India.
Jaw Subluxation as a Complication of Tardive Dyskinesia
Published on: 15th November, 2024
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic complication caused by antipsychotic agents and rarely by other anti-depressive/antiepileptic or anti-nausea medication. It is mostly a benign condition with implications regarding esthetic issues but it can also impact social and emotional well-being. We are reporting a case in which severe TD ensued in an elderly lady with newly diagnosed dementia, who presented to the psychiatric ER with a Capgras syndrome and paranoia accompanied by behavioral disturbances. She was treated with 4 consecutive antipsychotic agents (haloperidol, brexiprazole, risperidone, and olanzapine) due to unresponsive psychosis in conjunction with biperiden and developed a severe case of TD, which was complicated by two successive episodes of jaw subluxation. In spite of the good outcome following the reduction of the subluxation, we emphasize the danger of this rare painful, and bothersome side-effect and recommend how to pharmacologically deal with the TD setting in which it occurred.
Exploring Environmental Neurotoxicity Assessment Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Models
Published on: 15th November, 2024
Neurotoxicity is increasingly recognized as a critical factor impacting long-term health, with growing evidence linking it to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Pesticides, widely used in agriculture and industry, have emerged as significant contributors to neurotoxic risk, given their capacity to disrupt key neurodevelopmental processes at low exposure levels. As conventional animal models present limitations in interspecies translation, human-derived neuron-based in vitro screening strategies are urgently needed to assess potential toxicants accurately. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer an innovative and scalable source for human-specific neuronal models that complement traditional animal-based approaches and support the development of predictive assays for neurotoxicity. Recent various stem cell models, including 2D cultures, 3D organoids, and microfluidic systems, are now available, advancing predictive neurotoxicology by simulating key aspects of human neural development and function. With the integration of High-Throughput (HT) and High-Content (HC) screening methodologies, these hiPSC-based systems enable efficient, large-scale evaluation of chemical effects on neural cells, enhancing our ability to detect early biomarkers of neurotoxic effects. Identifying early biomarkers of neurotoxic is essential to developing therapeutic interventions before irreversible damage occurs. This is particularly crucial in the context of developmental neurotoxicity, where early exposure to toxicants can have lifelong consequences. This review specifically presents an in-depth overview of the current progress in hiPSC-derived neural models and their applications in neurotoxicity testing, with a specific focus on their utility in assessing pesticide-induced neurotoxicity. Emphasizing future research priorities, we highlight the potential of these models to transform predictive toxicology, offering more human-relevant assessments and advancing the field toward a more precise evaluation of environmental neurotoxicants.
Symmetry of Shank Muscle Strength, Passive Stiffness and Plantar Pressure Following IASTM Accompanied by Electrotherapy in a Case with Severe Ankle Stiffness
Published on: 14th November, 2024
Excessive ankle stiffness can greatly impact mobility, leading to discomfort, difficulty in walking, and limited Range of Motion (ROM). We aimed to identify and address the symmetry of shank muscle strength, ankle passive stiffness, and plantar pressure distribution, in a patient with unilateral excessive ankle stiffness, utilizing Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) accompanied by Faradic Electrical Stimulation (FES).The patient’s muscle strength and ROM which had diminished due to 3.5 years of ankle immobilization post-rescue from amputation, underwent a 12-week program involving IASTM and FES. The plantar and dorsiflexion muscles’ torque, ROM, and plantar pressure were measured using an isokinetic and plantar distribution system before and after the intervention. Symmetry of muscle torque, ROM, and plantar pressure between two limbs were calculated for pre and post-test.Results indicated improvement in the ratio index of the concentric/eccentric dorsi- and plantar-flexion peak torque and dorsi- and plantar-flexion work, ROM, gait line length, and contact time after a 12-week intervention.The study suggests that IASTM and FES are effective interventions for restoring symmetry in a patient with post-operation complications, highlighting the need for further research on similar cases.
Scientific Analysis of Eucharistic Miracles: Importance of a Standardization in Evaluation
Published on: 13th November, 2024
Numerous instances of consecrated communion wafers turning into human tissue and blood have been reported throughout history and the contemporary international media, referred to as Eucharistic miracles. Various suggestions have been put forth to explain such phenomena, ranging from miraculous to natural. Here, a novel demonstration is provided showing that the appearance of a bleeding host can occur by placing ordinary, non-consecrated wafers under similar conditions as described for many of these events. Using basic forensic methods, distinctions between ensuant reddish areas and genuine blood were noted. In previous studies with miracle wafers, isolated DNA was resistant to amplification with human-specific primers, which has been attributed to its divine nature. The current study shows that multiple types of non-human DNA existed in unconsecrated wafers, providing an alternative explanation for such findings. Finally, a minimal protocol of scientific examination is outlined to aid in the standardization of such investigations in the future, including a distinctive approach to authenticate the genuine shared origin of such occurrences.
Comparing Immunity Elicited by Feedback and Titered Viral Inoculation against PEDV in Swine
Published on: 13th November, 2024
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) can infect pigs of any age, but the disease severity varies significantly, particularly affecting neonatal piglets due to their immature immune system. Various vaccination strategies have been questioned for their efficacy, especially since outbreaks have occurred even on vaccinated farms. Recent suggestions indicate that exposure to the virus may enhance the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines, highlighting the potential benefits of using attenuated viruses to generate immunity in sows without prior exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral and cytokine responses in pregnant sows and their piglets after inoculation of affected piglet intestinal contents and a virus isolated. We measured immune parameters such as IL-12, IL-22, IgG, and IgA, as well as neutralizing antibodies in serum, colostrum, and milk. Notably, higher titers of neutralizing antibodies were found in sows immunized with the viral inoculum, while IL-12 and IL-22 levels showed no significant differences. Additionally, we assessed productive parameters like total piglets born, weaning mortality, average birth weight, and stillborn rates. The results indicated that sows treated with affected piglet intestinal contents had higher mortality (48.31%) and stillborn rates (20.96%) compared to those receiving the isolated virus (30.02% and 10.44%, respectively). These findings suggest that using an isolated virus can offer a safe, long-lasting, and specific immune response, underscoring the importance of thorough analysis of both systemic and mucosal immune responses against PEDV.
Awareness and Knowledge of Specialists/Trainers and General Dental Practitioners about Medical-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
Published on: 13th November, 2024
Introduction: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) was first reported in 2003. In 2014, it was revealed that not only bisphosphonates but also other antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs can cause osteonecrosis (Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: MRONJ). The aim of this study is to compare awareness and knowledge about BRONJ and MRONJ among specialists/trainers (ST), general dental practitioners (GDP); and dentists who graduated before and after the year 2014. Materials and methods: A survey regarding demographic information and knowledge about BRONJ and MRONJ was prepared and delivered to dentists via social media.Results: A total of 422 dentists participated in our study. It was observed that the awareness and knowledge about BRONJ and MRONJ were statistically higher in ST and in dentists who graduated in 2014 or later. In addition, when their specialties were compared to each other, it was seen that the awareness and knowledge of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists (OMR) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (OMS) were higher than others.Discussion: According to the results of this study, it was seen that the awareness and knowledge of the ST group were higher than GDP, maybe because they may encounter these cases more. In addition, dentists who graduated in 2014 or later had higher awareness, maybe because MRONJ was coined and entered the dentistry education curriculum in 2014. Awareness and knowledge of OMR and OMS were found higher may be because they encounter these patients more frequently. Planning educational strategies for all dentists, especially GDP and dentists who graduated before 2014 is very important for post-graduate dentistry education.
Adult Neurogenesis: A Review of Current Perspectives and Implications for Neuroscience Research
Published on: 12th November, 2024
Background: The study of new neuron formation in the adult brain has sparked controversy and ignited interest among scientists in recent times, these include its occurrence and location in the adult human brain, functional significance, variation in study methods, translation from animal model to human, and ethical challenges involving neural stem cell research. Aim: To provide a comprehensive understanding of adult neurogenesis, functional significance, and challenges and explore the latest advances in the study of adult neurogenesis. Methodology: An extensive and systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) was conducted using keywords related to adult neurogenesis and techniques involved in its study. Results: The mechanism of adult neurogenesis was found to occur in specific brain regions such as the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. Adult neurogenesis is vital neural plasticity, providing a potential mechanism for the brain to adapt and reorganize in response to environmental cues and experiences. Cutting-edge research and sophisticated imaging techniques, such as two-photon microscopy, MRI, optogenetic, and stem-cell-based therapies have provided deeper insight into the study of adult neurogenesis. Conclusion: The study of neurogenesis is important for understanding nervous system development, physiology, pathology, and exploring neuroplasticity. Its advancement is challenged by some ethical concerns regarding embryonic, pluripotent stem cells, and the need for safe, and noninvasive study methods. Although recent breakthroughs in neuroimaging, microscopic techniques, and genetic tools are aiding real-time study of adult neurogenesis.
Fibrothecal Tumors of the Ovary - Case Report
Published on: 11th November, 2024
Fibrothecal tumors of the ovary are rare neoplasms, comprising less than 4% of all ovarian tumors and primarily affecting post-menopausal women. These benign tumors arise from the stromal tissue of the ovary and may produce hormones, particularly estrogen. Their diagnosis presents considerable challenges, frequently leading to misclassification as malignant ovarian tumors or uterine myomas. This report describes the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with abdominal distension and pelvic pain. Clinical examination revealed a large, lobulated mass and imaging studies classified the right ovarian mass as ORADS 4. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the absence of metastasis, resulting in total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, and omentectomy. The anatomopathological analysis identified the latero-ovarian mass as a fibrothecoma. Generally, fibrothecal tumors are benign with a favorable prognosis following surgical intervention. Common symptoms include pelvic pain and abdominal distension, and diagnosis typically relies on imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT, with definitive confirmation achieved through histopathological examination. Given their potential to mimic malignant ovarian cancer, accurate diagnosis is critical and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
Unlocking the Potential of Multigene Parallel Sequencing: A Concomitant Germline RET and BRCA1 Mutation in a Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Published on: 11th November, 2024
From Adversity to Agency: Storytelling as a Tool for Building Children’s Resilience
Published on: 11th November, 2024
Children who experience Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)—including trauma, family instability, or significant loss—are at increased risk for enduring mental, emotional, and physical challenges, including conditions such as depression, anxiety, and chronic health issues. Without effective support, these adverse experiences can have lasting effects on a child’s well-being, often persisting into adulthood and impacting mental, emotional, and physical health outcomes over the long term. Storytelling is a powerful method to support resilience in these children by enabling them to process emotions, make sense of complex experiences, and view themselves as active agents in their lives. By framing their experiences within personal narratives, children can create coherent stories that aid emotional regulation and support mental well-being. Through storytelling, children can frame their struggles as part of a larger, purposeful journey, fostering a sense of agency and self-worth. Techniques such as narrative therapy, story circles, and resilience-themed books-exemplified by The Adventures of Gabriel—help children explore their experiences, visualise positive outcomes, and strengthen social bonds. Moreover, storytelling is an accessible tool that aids in perspective—taking, allowing children to relate their challenges to those of characters, which reinforces their ability to overcome adversity and navigate life’s complexities with strength and optimism.
Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Thermal Characteristics on Thermal Modes of Transparent Boxes
Published on: 8th November, 2024
This paper presents the results of experiments to investigate the influence of thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal modes of transparent boxes. To conduct experiments on the non-stationary thermal model of solar greenhouses developed by us, two identical transparent boxes with dimensions of 0.80 x 0.65 x 0.80 m were constructed. The transparent boxes have rectangular shapes. One transparent box has glass walls and the other with polyethylene walls. The influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment and the thermal conditions inside the transparent boxes with film and glass transparent walls are investigated. The experimental results show that at a maximum ambient air temperature of 42 °C on 27.06.2024 at 13:48 hours, the air temperature increases to 10% and 23% in transparent boxes with polyethylene and with glass walls, respectively, and at 05:10 hours, the humidity decreases to 8% and 11%, respectively. Thus, the influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal conditions of transparent boxes with glass walls, at the maximum ambient temperature, is greater by 1.2 times than in transparent boxes with polyethylene walls, and humidity decreases by half.
Changes in Private Psychiatric Outservice Related to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Published on: 8th November, 2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which began in late 2019, initially manifested with acute respiratory symptoms, including bilateral pneumonia, and later emerged as a systemic disease. This brief report assesses changes in the clinical profiles of psychiatric outpatients before, during, and after the pandemic’s most severe periods, focusing on mood, anxiety, and cognitive symptoms. Data from a private psychiatric facility in Rome reveal that both pandemic-related stressors and SARS-CoV-2 infection itself may contribute to enduring affective and cognitive symptoms in both older and younger adult subgroups. Notably, during the pandemic, older patients showed elevated psychopathology scores (BPRS-24) compared to younger individuals. In the post-pandemic period, younger adults exhibited increased positive symptoms on the PANSS Positive subscale, suggesting a gradual worsening in symptoms post-pandemic ( = 0.47). Cognitive assessments (MMSE and PM38) further highlighted fluctuating performance over time, with older adults showing two distinct declines during the pandemic and in 2024. This work underscores the importance of sustained mental health interventions to address the pandemic’s psychosocial and neuroinflammatory legacy. This perspective also considers new data on the CNS effects of “toxin-like peptides” synthesized by microbiome bacteria.
Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation using Vaughan Williams Class IC Drugs for Multiple Premature AtrialContractions: A Clinical Observational Study
Published on: 8th November, 2024
Background: Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib) poses a significant clinical challenge, particularly in the elderly and those with hypertension. If A-Fib represents one stage in the spectrum of electrical degeneration caused by aging-induced remodeling of the left atrial wall, catheter ablation is not an essential treatment. The efficacy of Vaughan Williams Class IC drug in preventing the progression of multiple premature atrial contractions (mPAC) toward paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and A-Fib in the earlier stage of histological change was investigated.Method and results: Group A (4 patients with mPAC) and Group B (9 patients with PAF) were treated with Class IC drugs. Treatment outcomes were compared between these two Groups and Group C (8 patients with chronic A-Fib). Follow-up assessments were performed to evaluate the maintenance of sinus rhythm. All mPAC patients maintained sinus rhythm during the follow-up period. In the PAF group, 8 out of 9 patients maintained their sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Early treatment with Class IC drugs shows promise in preventing the progression of A-Fib and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with mPAC and PAF. These findings highlight the potential role of pharmacological therapy in delaying the onset of A-Fib, thereby improving clinical outcomes and reducing the need for invasive procedures such as ablation.
Transforming Cancer Care through Physical Exercise: A Path to Holistic Healing
Published on: 7th November, 2024
The role of physical exercise in cancer treatment is gaining increasing recognition as part of a holistic approach to patient care. Traditionally, cancer treatment has focused on surgical, hormonal, chemotherapeutic, as well as radiotherapeutic interventions. However, recent studies underscore the significant benefits of integrating physical exercise into treatment plans, not merely as a supplementary activity but as a core component of cancer care [1].
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