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The study is based on the characterization of different AI models applied in the public furniture design analyzing the conditions of risk, materiality, and integration of variables in two AI generative modeling algorithms. As risky since they contain flood-prone areas, low vegetation coverage, and underdevelopment of infrastructure; therefore, these characterizations are tested through artificial simulation. The experimental method is applied through laboratory tests of various material components and their structuring in 3D simulators to check their resistance and risk scenarios. The case study of one of the most risky and populated areas of the informal settlement area of the Northwest of Guayaquil, such as the Coop, is analyzed. Sergio Toral is the focal point for on-site testing. It is concluded that the generation of a planned scheme of ecological furniture with different materials responds more effectively to the territory and that through artificial simulation an advantage can be obtained in terms of execution time and results, thus demonstrating that artificial intelligence is an ideal tool. To generate furniture design proposals that are more diverse, innovative, and functional with the environment, but it generates a minimum level of error for specific designs in the experimental model_01 of 0.1% to 3% and a high level in the experimental model_02 with an increasing error from 20% to 70%. As a future line of research, it is proposed to generate a simulated system of all the new informal settlements in Guayaquil and establish focal points for the implementation of new ecological furniture.

The incidence of obstetric acute renal failure remains significant in developing countries. The aim of our study is to define the risk factors involved in the occurrence of ARF during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period and to evaluate its evolutionary profile in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic management over the years in Morocco. This is a retrospective study conducted in the maternal-infant resuscitation service of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, over the period from January 2020 to August 2023, including 95 patients. The current incidence in our series over this period was 22.2%. The mean age of our population was 33 ± 7.74 years [18-43 years], 67.3% of patients were in the gestational period, compared to 33.7% in the immediate postpartum period. Fourteen patients were primiparous (8.6%), 27.4% had a history of miscarriage, and 10.7% had a history of pre-eclampsia. Oligo-anuria was initially identified in 24 patients. The most frequent etiology was pre-eclampsia (56.7%), followed by hemorrhage (27%) and sepsis (19.3%). The evolution was marked by recourse to hemodialysis in 62% of cases, with a maternal mortality of 26%. The existence of heart disease, the context of pre-eclampsia, and the use of diuretics and vasoactive drugs were significantly correlated with maternal survival. No factor was correlated with secondary recovery from ARF. The development of health structures and the optimization of screening strategies are the keywords for prevention.

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) performed after induction therapy is the standard of care for newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients who qualify. Our institution has performed AHSCT for MM since 1991, and in this study, we sought to retrospectively examine the outcomes of 303 MM patients who underwent AHSCT from 1991-2021. We focused on Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in patients in addition to Landmark survival (1-year post-transplantation). We found that in elderly patients > 70 years of age there was no significant difference in OS at 12 years, with 51% for patients < 70 years of age and 50% > 70; these were the same numbers for PFS at 12 years as well. We also found that median overall survival is improving overall with each decade in our transplanted MM patients with patient survival improved to over > 80% regardless of age at 7 years, when the previous median overall survival was 6 - 6.6 years before 2001. Given our findings, supported by others, we show that survival is continually improving over time in MM AHSCT patients and that AHSCT can be performed safely with equivalent landmark and long-term PFS and OS in patients of advanced age.

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) represents a significant cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patient populations with low-risk cardiovascular profiles and, therefore can be sometimes underdiagnosed. On the other hand, it often preserves the typical clinical presentation of ACS which makes coronary artery angiography (CAG) execution mandatory. A 62-year-old woman with a history of recurrent SCAD presented to the emergency department for a new episode of acute chest pain with troponin elevation. CAG revealed an ambiguous angiography image suggesting a sub-occlusive type 2 SCAD involving the distal segment of the left circumflex artery. The patient was managed conservatively due to the absence of ongoing ischemia or hemodynamic instability. At the seven-day follow-up, a computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) was performed to better assess SCAD and detect concomitant associated arteriopathies. Optimized medical therapy was prescribed at the discharge and at one-month follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms was referred.

It is quite alarming the increasing rate of antibacterial resistance all over the world considering the public health threat and the re-emergence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study is Antibacterial resistance and phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human and animal fecal samples in selected local government areas of Nasarawa state, Nigeria was carried out in the study. Hundred (100) samples comprising human and animal (goats, cattle, and chicken) were collected and 55 samples were multidrug resistant. A commercial biochemical kit (Eneterosystem 18R) was used for the isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method was used for antibacterial susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method was also used for the phenotypic confirmation test of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). The occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates shows that Escherichia coli (100.00%) which is the highest, Proteus mirabilis (14.54%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica (10.90%), while the occurrence of Shigella flexneri (9.09%) was the lowest. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were more resistant to Cefuroxime, Cefexime, Amoxicillin Clavulanate, and Imipenem/Cilastatin with percentage resistance ranges from 66.6% - 100%. The occurrence of ESBL producers shows that Escherichia coli (60.00%) and Proteus mirabilis (62.5%) were high while Shigella flexneri (20.0%) had a low occurrence of ESBL. The sale and in-discriminate use of antibiotics without a prescription is an important regulatory issue in the abuse of antibiotics for both humans and animals. The Beta-Lactam and gentamycin antibiotics were not effective against the Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates and most of the isolates were ESBL producers.

Single coronary artery and coronary arteriovenous communication are rare congenital cardiac anomalies with potentially harmful effects, making the diagnosis essential for the appropriate management. The coexistence of these two anomalies is exceptional. We present a case illustrating the diagnostic power of Coronary CTA in depicting this unusual combination.

Introduction: Extracellular Traps (ETs) are fibers composed of chromatin and cytoplasmic proteins, which can trap and kill pathogens by the phenomenon called ETosis. They are released by neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes, and can be found in semen. The aim of this presentation is to evidence of the indirect effect of SARS-CoV-2 in semen by ETs.Patients and methods: Experimental design: retrospective descriptive observational study.Semen samples from two groups were studied following WHO guidelines: 1) SARS-CoV-2 infected donors (n: 5; at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after PCR diagnosis); 2) COVID-19 positive patients assisted in our laboratory between 2021 and 2022 (n: 70). They were observed in fresh and in Papanicolaou-stained smears by CASA and light microscopy; the presence of macrophages, spermiophages, ETs and hyperviscosity were recorded while neutrophilic concentration was calculated. Two control groups were designed: a) Patients belonging to group 2, studied before de pandemia (n: 13); b) Culture-negative semen samples (n: 28).Results: In the first group, ETs were observed in all the samples, while only 18% had leucospermia. Macrophages, spermiophages, and hyperviscosity were recorded in 68%, 27%, and 36% of the studied cases respectively.In the second group, ETs were present 100% in the acute phase (< 90 days after diagnosis) and decreased to 71% in the later stage (90 to 270 days). The trapped sperm were non-progressive motile or immotile alive or dead.No traps were found in either control group.Conclusion: In our study ETs were the most sensitive seminal marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Urine typically has an amber-yellow color due to the amorphous pigment urochrome, a distinct scent, and an average pH of 6.0, which is somewhat acidic. Green urine can result from drug intake, dyes, infections, adverse drug reactions, and other causes. Less than 1% of propofol users experience green urine, a rare and benign side effect. The green tint in urine is caused by the phenolic metabolites of propofol. In this case, a 33-year-old man diagnosed with organophosphorus poisoning and aspiration pneumonia had been given a modest dose of propofol sedation for six hours and began to exhibit green urine. After five hours of halting the propofol infusion, the urine returned to its usual color. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of this unusual but safe side effect of propofol.

The presence of heavy metals (HMs) on Earth is essential to all forms of life. These metals are essential for plant and animal development but can have numerous negative effects on the living environment. In this review, we looked at where HMs come from, why they are harmful, and how they affect plants. Articles indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, and a few books on heavy metals were consulted for this study. Heavy metals are essential for plant development and growth. According to this analysis, the hazardous effects of HMs are on the rise all throughout the globe, and this trend may be attributed mostly to human activity. Because of its impact on agricultural productivity and environmental changes, soil pollution caused by HMs is among the most crucial elements. Plants have evolved very sophisticated defense systems to deal with these environmental challenges. The threat that HM stress poses to plants has attracted a lot of attention worldwide because it could stunt agriculture’s long-term expansion. In spite of their importance for plants, this study found that HMs pose a significant threat to plant life. The novelty of this review lies in its detailed examination of both the beneficial and detrimental roles of HMs, providing a balanced perspective often overlooked in current literature. The significance of this work is underscored by its potential to inform sustainable agricultural practices and environmental management strategies, as it highlights the delicate balance required to harness the benefits of HMs while mitigating their risks. Despite their necessity for plant development, this review underscores the significant risks HMs pose to plant health and ecosystems.Less than 10 cases have been reported in the literature of the association of germline BRCA1 and Squamous cell Carcinoma – the esophagus. The article focuses on the probable pathogenesis of BRCA1 mutation with non-classic malignancies and the response of Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARP) inhibitors in such a scenario. We report an unusual manifestation of the BRCA1 gene with second primary oesophageal squamous cell cancer occurring five years later to triple-negative breast cancer.

Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a commonly diagnosed genitourinary infection that presents significant challenges both in diagnosis and treatment. In an upcoming era of antibiotic resistance, and limited therapeutic options it becomes imperative to revise current guidelines and to provide more effective treatment strategies. At the Eliava Phage Therapy Center (Tbilisi, Georgia) we utilize bacteriophage therapy as an alternative approach against chronic bacterial infections. Bacteriophages, viruses that target and lyse specific bacterial cells, can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with antibiotics. We present a case report of a patient with prostatitis caused by Escherichia coli infection, who prior to addressing our clinic, has been receiving antibiotic therapy without any positive effect. Our approach of combined use of antibiotics and phages was successful not only in complete clinical improvement but also in total bacterial eradication. This outcome shows the potential of bacteriophage therapy as a valuable adjunct to conventional antibacterials in the management of prostatitis.

Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon condition defined as abnormal dilatation of the coronary artery.We report the case of a man admitted to the Emergency Department for suspected intestinal obstruction. At abdominal/thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) it was reported a suspected pericardial cyst. Contrast echocardiography showed a clear pattern of blood flow inside the mass with a probable origin at a very limited region where it was also possible to sample an ECG-synchronized system-diastolic Pulse-Wave (PW)-Doppler pattern, typical for a coronary artery flow. Our suspicion of a giant coronary artery aneurysm was then confirmed by coronary CT and coronary angiography. The patient was transferred to a Cardiac Surgery center where he underwent surgical treatment for the aneurysm.Most coronary aneurysms are clinically silent and are often incidentally detected. Coronary angiography is the ‘‘gold standard’’ for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery aneurysms. Among non-invasive diagnostic techniques, Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography is the best method for coronary artery anatomy and coronary abnormalities. However, echocardiography with the use of a contrast agent, a cost-effective non-radiation nature, and a widespread use method, maybe a reliable method to detect and characterize the masses, allowing a differential diagnosis.Learning objective1.    Recognition and evaluation of cardiac masses require first-line imaging methods such as echocardiography.2.    The use of additional non-invasive (cardiac CT or MRI) and/or invasive imaging methods are often required. 3.    Contrast echocardiography may be helpful, as second-line imaging methods, to better characterize the mass and approach the correct diagnosis.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is defined as a new deficit in at least two areas of cognitive functioning. These may include disturbances in memory, executive functioning, attention or speed of information processing, perceptual motor abilities, or language. It has been shown that cognitive impairment is associated with the severity of kidney disease. Methods: The study was a descriptive research design, with participants purposively sampled from the general chronic kidney disease population which included haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Hundred and fifty-one participants (76 hemodialysis & 75 peritoneal dialysis patients), 58% were males, and 42% were females aged 19-61 years. To establish the prevalence of cognitive impairment by testing the level of cognition the Mini-Mental State Examination was utilized to provide a brief screening test to quantitatively assess the cognitive abilities and cognitive changes of patients while on dialysis. Results: Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the recruited population reported no cognitive impairment, irrespective of dialysis modality, demographic characteristics, and socio-economic status. Conclusion: Despite the findings highlighting that the majority of the chronic kidney disease population at Steve Biko Academic Hospital reported no cognitive impairment, it is crucial to increase awareness of the potential effects of cognitive impairment on daily activities, quality of life, and treatment adherence. Early detection and management of cognitive impairment can significantly impact the quality of life and adherence to treatment among these patients. Further research is needed to understand the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment in different populations and to develop effective interventions for its prevention and management.

Purpose of the study:  To evaluate the performance of Best Practice Recommendation (BPR) compliance in reporting abdominal aortic aneurysm findings on imaging, comparing the results before and after its deployment.Methods: Best Practice Recommendations for AAA were deployed in 2020 at a large radiology practice site. Reports between January 2018 through October 2022 were reviewed, representing studies read prior to and subsequent to the implementation of the reporting standards. Cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms ≥ 2.6 cm were counted by year. Adherence to the BPR for each year was calculated as [total number of confirmed cases of ≥ 2.6 cm AAAs with compliant reports] * 100 / [the total number of confirmed ≥ 2.6 cm AAAs]. A secondary analysis was performed to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of BPR-compliant reports for AAA cases before (from 2018 to 2019) and after (from 2020 to 2022) BPR deployment using a chi-square test. Results: From January 2018 to December 2022, there were 8,693 reports referencing AAA. After excluding cases of suspected AAA (N = 2,131), confirmed AAAs with indeterminate sizes (N = 103), and confirmed AAAs with sizes < 2.6 cm (N = 85), the number of AAA cases ≥ 2.6 cm in size was 6,374. Concordance with the BPR standards for the remaining cases with sizes ≥ 2.6 cm were 1.6% and 4.1% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Post-implementation of BPRs, there was a substantial improvement in guideline adherence to 32.1%, 84.3%, and 83.6% in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. In general, the proportion of BPR-compliant reports of AAA cases in the pre-deployment (3.6%) period statistically differs (p - value < 0.0001) from those in the post-deployment period (73.9%)Conclusion: Adherence to reporting standards increased after the BPR deployment in 2020. The inclusion of management recommendations in the radiology report when AAA is identified is a simple and cost-effective way of improving outcomes for patients with AAAs through appropriate follow-up treatment.

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The overall aim of the study was to evaluate community awareness about myocardial infarction.It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted during one month including both male and female participants aged 18 years and over in Nangarhar province of Afghanistan. The percentage of awareness for risk factors was as follows: Diabetes (56.4%), Hypertension (43.4%), Elderly (42.1%), Obesity (39.8%), Physical inactivity (38.5%), Hyperlipidemia (37.6%), and Family history (33.8%). Furthermore, knowledge about symptoms and signs was as the following: chest pain (67.4%), pain in neck and jaw (57.8%), Dyspnea (50.7%), pain in arms (46.1%), weakness/fainting (40.1%), cold sweats (38.2%), nausea and vomiting (34.5%), anxiety (29.6%), fever (22.7%), hypotension/shock (20.1%), and silent myocardial infarction (11.3%). Moreover, 24% of participants did not know about the prevention strategies for myocardial infarction. Regarding treatment, 80.3% of participants exactly knew to go to the emergency room, 11.9% of participants would intend to go to a general practitioner (GP), 5.6% of participants would ask others for advice on what to do, and 2.2% of participants would wait to see if the symptoms go away spontaneously or if the symptoms were due to other diseases. The current awareness level about myocardial infarction especially atypical symptoms, risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies in Nangarhar residents was insufficient, especially in females and healthy individuals, and warrants designing and implementing immediate awareness programs in order to avoid delay of treatment-seeking, misbeliefs about the disease and subsequent morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: Loop Diuretics (LD) are the first-line pharmacotherapy to address Heart Failure (HF)-associated edema and dyspnea. However, LD causes frequent urinary, resulting in inconvenience and possibly undermining the quality of life. While prescription adjustment is an essential part of Palliative Care Consultation (PCC), it remains unclear how PCC affects the deprescribing of diuretics for adults with HF. Methods: We conducted a pre-post analysis of the percentage of HF patients who were prescribed LD in a national Electronic Health Record (EHR) database 12 months before and after the first PCC. The difference in prescription rates between the periods was determined. Adjusted associations of post-PCC LD prescription with pre-PCC LD prescription and patient’s characteristics, insurance, provider type, and clinical factors were quantified.Results: From 2010 to 2018, 5,969 patients with newly diagnosed HF received at least one PCC, among whom 2,539 (42.5%) were prescribed LD before and 1,552 (26.0%) after their first PCC. Despite a decrease in LD prescription rate encompassing the date of PCC, post-PCC LD prescribing was strongly associated with pre-PCC prescribing (aOR[95%CI] 3.2[2.8,3.7]) and varied by age at first PCC, year of HF diagnosis (aOR[95%CI] 2.1[1.9,2.4]) and months from HF diagnosis to first PCC. While our finding demonstrates reduced polypharmacy associated with PCC, the strong association between pre- and post-PCC indicates reverse therapeutic inertia. Future research should investigate the benefits and costs of polypharmacy among specific patient groups to help develop personalized treatment for HF.

The aging of stones in response to climate change and the carbon lifeform environment is a fascinating topic that highlights the resilience and adaptability of geological structures to the ever-changing conditions of our planet. Stones, as foundational components of the Earth's crust, undergo a complex process of weathering, erosion, and transformation in the face of environmental challenges such as climate change and the presence of carbon-based lifeforms. In this essay, we will explore the key characteristics of how stones age in response to these factors and the implications for climate resilience.

Background: Linagliptin is an anti-diabetic drug that claims no adverse effects and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) demands a safe anti-diabetic medication. Therefore, this study investigates the anti-diabetic efficacy of linagliptin in an induced GDM.Materials and methods: Thirty-two matured female rats (100 - 200 g) were utilized. Sixteen non-pregnant/diabetic animals were fed with a normal diet and sixteen rats were fed with a high-fat (HFD), mated at the estrous stage in 2:1, and pregnancy was confirmed with a spermatozoa in a vaginal smear. The pregnant rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose (30 mg/kgb. wt)of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce GDM. The animals were grouped into 4 groups, 8 rats/groups. Group I: control; Group II: control + 10 mg/kgb.wt linagliptin; Group III: GDM; Group IV: GDM + 10 mg/kgb.wt linagliptin. The animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. Blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters.Results: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels significant (p < 0.05) elevated in GDM rats, with significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Linagliptin administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the FBG, insulin, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and ameliorates the HDL-C, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels significantly.Conclusion: Linagliptin remarkably showed anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Linagliptin could be a promising drug for hyperglycemia treatment during gestation.

Dentistry is a challenging and demanding physical profession, and this impacts not only the quality of the task outcomes but also the professional’s quality of life. The nature of dentistry demands prolonged static and awkward seated postures, frequent motions, positioning struggles, and working distances to the oral cavity for strategic procedure management, which become cumulative challenges over the working days, prone to discomfort, pain, or injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders for the operator.The limitations of the naked eye in dentistry, particularly in terms of visual information and resolution, underscore the need for visual aids. These aids are crucial for achieving the precision required for accurate procedures. Also, visual aids, such as magnifying loupes and the operative microscope, have been in the market for a while, and their proper use has shown ergonomic benefits that promote a neutral working posture and changes in work practice-oriented to control unbalanced awkward posture and motions.In this study, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment RULA compares the posture between naked-eye dentistry, conventional loupes, and operative microscope, and with the observational assessment, determine the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and the need for priority of change. The Rodgers muscle fatigue analysis RMFA is used to predict fatigue in the muscular regions of the body during specific dental tasks.

This research focused on assessing the levels of selected metal contamination in seven different rice brands (Jasmine, Basmati, Mapembe, Morogoro, Shinyanga, Mbeya, and Cheju). Cheju rice was obtained from local producers from the Cheju area in Zanzibar, while the remaining rice brands namely, Jasmine, Basmati, Mapembe, Morogoro, Shinyanga, and Mbeya were randomly taken from local markets at Darajani and Mwanakwerekwe in Zanzibar. Samples were prepared in accordance with applicable Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) and laboratory SOPs using information provided by field sample preparation. The samples were ground to fineness and an aliquot of about 10.0 g was measured on the beam balance and mounted on the sample holders for laboratory analysis. An Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique with a Rigaku NEX CG EDXRF model spectrometer was used for metal analysis. The study revealed that the percentage of metal contamination varied considerably from one rice brand to another, with Basmati and Jasmine rice each exhibiting a contamination level of 50%, while Shinyanga, Mbeya, Mapembe, and Cheju rice showed a level of 25% each. Notably, Morogoro rice had no observable heavy metal contamination. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between several metal pairs: Au and Cr (r² = 1.00), Au and Ti (r² = 0.613), Cr and Ti (r² = 0.613), Ni and Pb (r² = 0.748), Ni and Hf (r² = 0.660), Pb and Hf (r² = 0.656), and Ti and Sn (r² = 0.671). The individual occurrence (percentage) for metals across all rice brands were as follows: 71.42% for Sn, and 28.57% for Hf, Ni, Pb, and Ti, while traces of Au, Cr, and Y each had an occurrence level of 14.28%. While Morogoro rice showed no metal discernible analyzed heavy metal contamination, the other rice brands were observed to have a considerable heavy metal contamination trend. The patterns of metal occurrence in each rice brand were observed as follows: Basmati: Sn > Ti > Au > Cr; Jasmine: Sn > Hf > Ni > Pb; Shinyanga: Sn > Pb; Mbeya: Sn > Hf; Mapembe: Sn > Ti; Cheju: Ni > Y. The patterns, then yield the ranking of metal contamination across all seven rice brands from lowest to highest is as follows: Morogoro < (Mapembe, Cheju, Mbeya, Shinyanga) < (Jasmine, Basmati). Furthermore, the data analysis indicated that the concentrations of Cr (1.08 mg/Kg), Ni (4.65 mg/Kg), and Pb (3.05 mg/Kg) detected in the samples surpassed the maximum permissible limits established by WHO/FAO which were 1.0 mg/Kg, 0.10 mg/Kg and 0.20 mg/Kg respectively. Consequently, the study concludes that Morogoro rice is the most superior and considered the safest choice for consumption, while Jasmine and Basmati rice are associated with higher levels of metal contamination. Thus, it is highly recommended that Tanzania intensify its rice cultivation efforts to reduce reliance on rice imports from other nations.

Atherosclerosis Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease (ASICD), one of the leading causes of global deaths, is mainly caused due to the development of plaque on the inner walls of arteries of the human heart. Ischemia refers to the lack of enough oxygen (O2), nutrient delivery, and improper waste removal in the cardiac cells. About 90% of cardiovascular diseases in the present world are due to the formation of lipid/cholesterol-based plaques that can form under the lining of the smooth epithelial blood cells. In the US, a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology estimated that poor diet is responsible for about 45% of Cardiovascular Disease. Atherosclerosis doesn’t cause much effect until and unless the plaque becomes unstable due to the accumulation of thrombus that shows Acute Coronary Syndrome. Acute Coronary Syndrome is the result of blockage of blood vessels leading to Myocardial Infarction (Unstable Angina Pectoris). Cardiac Cells require a sufficient amount of Oxygen to function properly. Thus, the demand and supply of oxygen to the cardiac cells should be properly balanced. Atherosclerosis Ischemic Cardiovascular syndrome can worsen if the person is more involved in exercise or emotional stress because at that time their body requires higher oxygen but blood flow gets disrupted due to the formation of plague. Later in the paper, we will discuss the New York Heart Association classification, followed by the top 3 poor diets that are considered to be increasing the cases of cardiovascular disease around the world.