Pyridostigmine-Induced Status Epilepticus Rat Model Was Resistant to Increasing Doses of Ramipril: The Latter Triggered Epileptogenesis, Arrhythmia, and Cardiac Ischemia in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Published on: 20th March, 2025
Background: Studies explored the therapeutic role of agents inhibiting RAS in epilepsy. Fewer studies addressed the electrophysiological changes associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in terms of sustained seizures (status epilepticus). Sodium valproate (SVPA), a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant, has been associated with adverse cardiac events upon long-term use, in contrast to the beneficial role of ACEIs in cardiovascular disorders. This work explored the potential effects of ramipril, an ACEI, compared to SVPA, on the behavior, and electrophysiology of the brain and heart in a rat model of status epilepticus. The dose dependent pattern of the presumed ramipril activities was investigated. Methods: Adult male rats were assigned into seven groups, controls, IP pyridostigmine (36 mg/kg)-induced status epilepticus (PISE), oral SVPA (5 mg/kg), and three groups receiving oral ramipril at respective doses of 5 (R5), 10 (R10), and 20 mg/kg (R20). Rat behavior was assessed using Racine’s motor convulsion scoring for 10 minutes. Blood pressure was recorded, and electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the sedated rats 24 hours after recovery. Results: Despite the partial behavioral improvement of motor convulsions with R5 and R10 exhibited epileptogenic activity, as indicated by the increased relative power of fast and slow gamma waves and total EEG power. R10 triggered arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia as indicated by absence of P wave, along with ST elevation and tall T wave, slowed heart rate and prolonged QRS, QTc, and RR intervals. Conclusion: PISE was resistant to sodium valproate and ramipril. Ramipril at low and moderate doses induced epileptogenic activity and, especially at moderate dose, precipitated cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia. SummaryThe debatable role of ramipril in epilepsy was studied in a rat model of pyridostigmine-induced status epilepticus, compared to sodium valproate. Increasing ramipril doses did not resolve status epilepticus in rats. Instead, low and moderate doses exhibited epileptogenic activity, opposite to high dose ramipril and sodium valproate. Blood pressure was dose-dependently reduced with ramipril. Electrocardiography showed evidence of cardiac arrythmia and ischemia, especially with the moderate ramipril dose. The behavioral and EEG indices correlated with systolic blood pressure and ECG changes.
An Observational Study on Clinical Outcome and Predictors of Traumatic Cervical Injury at a Tertiary Care Facility
Published on: 26th March, 2025
Introduction: Cervical spinal cord injuries (CSIs) account for 2% - 3% of trauma cases and 8.2% of trauma- related fatalities, making them a significant cause of disability and mortality. Effective management and timely interventions are essential to improve neurological and functional outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with CSIs and identify key predictors of neurological and functional improvement.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months at SMS Medical College, Jaipur, involving 100 patients with CSIs from C1 to C7 vertebrae. Patients presenting within one week of injury were included. Clinical evaluation was conducted using the ASIA scoring system, and functional outcomes were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale. MRI findings were analyzed to classify injuries and identify critical predictors, including the presence and extent of edema and listhesis grading.Results: Significant predictors of neurological improvement included injury type, management approach, MRI findings, extent of edema (≤ 2 vs. >2 segments), and listhesis grading. Operative management and incomplete injuries showed better outcomes. The median Barthel Index improved from 4.0 preoperatively to 7.0 at four months (p < 0.001). The mean FIM score also significantly increased from 43.25 ± 26.5 to 56.8 ± 40.75 (p < 0.05). ASIA Grades C and D demonstrated significant neurological recovery, with no grade deterioration observed.Conclusion: Age, injury type, management strategy, MRI findings, extent of edema, and listhesis grading are key predictors of outcomes in CSIs. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, timely surgical intervention, and comprehensive management in improving neurological and functional recovery. Multicentric studies with larger cohorts are recommended for broader generalizability.
Analysing Average Glandular Dose: A Comprehensive Study Comparing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis with Full-Field Digital Mammography in Oman
Published on: 31st March, 2025
Background: Full-field Digital Mammography (FFDM) is essential for the early detection of breast cancer. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) has improved cancer diagnosis and reduced false positives in mammography . This study evaluated DRLs for FFDM and DBT at various ranges of Compressed Breast Thickness (CBT).Material and methods: We evaluated the parameters like Average Glandular Dose (AGD), kVp, mAs, Entrance Surface Dose (ESD), and CBT in a retrospective analysis of FFDM and DBT. We computed the mean, median, range, and 75th percentile for Craniocaudal (CC) and Mediolateral Oblique (MLO) views at various breast thicknesses.Results: The DRLs were 0.70 mGy to 2.55 mGy for FFDM and 0.94 mGy to 3.67 mGy for DBT for breast thickness in the range from 20 mm to 89 mm.Conclusion: This analysis revealed that DRLs were significantly lower than international benchmarks . Mammography radiation dose optimisation enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.
Green Synthesis of Citrus sinensis Peel (Orange Peel) Extract Silver Nanoparticle and its Various Pharmacological Activities
Published on: 28th March, 2025
Citrus sinensis is a rich source of bioactive compounds and has attracted attention due to its medicinal benefits. Historically regarded as agricultural waste, orange peel is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities. The phytochemicals in Citrus sinensis peel were used as natural reducing and stabilizing agents in the green synthesis method used in this work to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This method is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional nanoparticle production, eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals. Based on the study’s results, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Citrus sinensis peel extract offer a sustainable and biocompatible substitute for biomedical applications. The pharmaceutical and healthcare industries may find therapeutic uses for them due to their exceptional antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Comparison of Body Fat Percentage and BMI in Pre-hypertensive and Hypertensive Female College Students of West Tripura
Published on: 3rd April, 2025
Background: Obesity is a significant health risk linked to hypertension and heart-related disorders in adolescents, impacting their future well-being . Since, the present work is to determine the body constitute including percentage of body fat correlates with cholesterol level which associate with Body Mass Index. Methods: This cross-sectional work was held in 120 college girls aged 19-23 years of Bhavan’s Tripura College of Science and Technology, Anandanagar at West Tripura. Anthropometric measurements such as standing height, body weight, sub scapular and triceps skinfolds, waist &hip circumference were collected. These records were used to calculate Body Fat Percentage (%BF) and Fat Mass (FM). Waist and Hip ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI). FM, %BF and biochemical studies such as serum cholesterol level were also used to measures the body fat composition. Results: According to the present study, 53.33% of girls have a normal BMI, 8.83% are underweight, 31.67% are overweight, and 6.67% are obese. WHR results indicate that 54.17% of participants are classified as obese and 45.83% as non-obese. Out of 114 (95%) girls with normal cholesterol levels of 16 (13.33%) students are pre-hypertensive and 10 (8.33%) students are hypertensive. Out of 38 overweight and 8 obese students 13.34% are in pre or hypertensive. Based on WHR, 65 (54.17%) female students are obese; out of 65 obese students, 12 (10%) and 7 (5.83%) female students are pre-hypertensive and hypertensive, respectively and this value is statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Out of 55 (45.83%) no-obese students 8 (6.67%) girls are pre-hypertensive and 5 (6.67%) girls are hypertensive. According to BMI female students who are overweight or obese (5%) also have excessive blood cholesterol.Conclusion: This study expressed clear evidence of correlation in BMI, serum cholesterol level and Hypertension. These results are important for epidemiological studies to identify the cardiovascular risk in obese adults and help to solve a health problem of present Youngers in their future life. This study serves as an early health warning for female college students.
Caregivers’ Nutritional Awareness and its Impact on Pediatric Health Outcomes: A Study at Wad-Albasheir Health Center, Sudan
Published on: 3rd April, 2025
Background: Nutritional awareness among caregivers plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal pediatric health and development. This study assesses the level of nutritional awareness among caregivers and examines its association with demographic factors.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of caregivers regarding dietary advice and complementary feeding for children under five years at Wad-Albasheir Family Health Center, Um-Bada locality.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers in selected healthcare facilities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations between variables.Results: The majority of caregivers demonstrated moderate awareness (60%), while 22.5% had low awareness and 17.5% had high awareness. A significant association was observed between education level and awareness (p < 0.05). Employment status also influenced awareness levels, with employed caregivers showing higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: Nutritional awareness is a key determinant of pediatric health. Strengthening educational programs targeting caregivers can improve child nutrition outcomes.
Feature Processing Methods: Recent Advances and Future Trends
Published on: 23rd March, 2025
This paper reviews recent advances and future trends in feature processing methods within the field of artificial intelligence. With the rapid development of deep learning and big data technologies, feature processing has become essential for enhancing AI model performance. We begin by revisiting traditional feature processing methods, then focus on deep learning-based feature extraction techniques, automated feature engineering, and the application of feature processing in specific domains. The article also analyzes the current research challenges and outlines future development directions, offering structured insights for both researchers and practitioners across disciplines
Advancing Forensic Approaches to Human Trafficking: The Role of Dental Identification
Published on: 4th April, 2025
Background: Human trafficking is a significant global issue that affects millions of individuals, where victim identification remains a major challenge. Traditional methods such as DNA or fingerprint analysis are not always viable, necessitating alternative forensic approaches.Methods: This article reviews the role of dental identification in human trafficking cases through an extensive analysis of existing literature. The study incorporates forensic odontology techniques, including dental charting, radiographic analysis, bite mark analysis, age estimation, and emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI).Results: Findings indicate that dental identification methods are essential for victim identification, especially when conventional methods prove ineffective. AI integration enhances the accuracy and efficiency of dental forensic investigations, addressing challenges such as record access and cross-border complexities.Conclusion: Dental identification, augmented by AI advancements, is an indispensable tool in forensic investigations related to human trafficking. The study underscores the necessity of international collaboration and technological innovation to enhance forensic practices.
Toxic Components in Baby Care Products – A Comprehensive Review
Published on: 8th April, 2025
Background: In addition to being used to keep babies clean and comfortable, baby care products may also include hazardous substances that are harmful to the baby’s health. To safeguard the health of new-borns, it is crucial to understand the potential toxins included in baby care products.Objective: This paper focuses on the very bothering aspect of baby care products. The objective of this study is to identify and summarise the effect of toxicants present in baby care products including their source, exposure, toxicity, and adverse effects on infants.Methods: Utilizing several internet databases including various open source, including PubMed, Scopus, and research gate, a thorough literature search was carried out. The review covered articles that were written in English and published in last fifteen years. Studies reporting on the sources, effects, and potential exposure pathways of toxicants found in infant care products have been included.Result: The study deals with a list of harmful toxicants like phthalates, asbestos, parabens, heavy metals, sodium laurel sulphates, etc., and their sources and modes of exposure. Exposure to toxicants such as phthalates, asbestos, parabens, heavy metals, and sodium laurel sulphates can lead to cancer, developmental disorders, and endocrine disruption.Conclusion: It can be concluded that baby care products are having adverse effects on infants, on their skin or health, or in other ways. To avoid the same, the root cause of it should be avoided, which is the inclusion of toxicant chemicals in such baby care products. Parents and caretakers should be aware of the dangers of toxicant chemicals in baby care products and use non-toxic products to protect their babies' health, while manufacturers should use safer components. Government and authorized agencies should enforce restrictions.
Metastatic Brain Melanoma: A Rare Case with Review of Literature
Published on: 12th April, 2025
Melanoma is a highly malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes, which are melanin-producing neural crest cells primarily located in the basal layer of the epidermis, making cutaneous melanoma the most common subtype. However, melanocytes are also found in other anatomical locations, and primary non-cutaneous melanomas, though rare, have been documented. Due to the aggressive nature of this malignancy, it carries a poor prognosis, particularly because it tends to metastasize to various, often atypical, sites. Recognizing these variable presentations is essential for timely diagnosis. Here, we report a rare case of metastatic brain melanoma in a young female and review the relevant literature, highlighting the importance of imaging in identification.
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