Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia
Published on: 11th November, 2022
Neurological disorders are a significant cause of mortality and disability across the world. The current aging population and population expansion have seen an increase in the prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. These pose a significant societal burden, especially in low - and middle-income countries. Many neurological disorders have complex mechanisms and lack definitive cures; thus, improving our understanding of them is essential. The pathophysiology of neurological disorders often includes inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress processes, especially the generation of reactive oxygen species, are key mechanisms in the development of neurological disorders. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants that can counteract them. Through their impacts on the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, nutrients with anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antioxidative properties have been suggested to prevent or mitigate these disorders. Certain vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and flavonoids may have therapeutic effects as adjuvant treatments for neurological disorders. Diet quality is also a risk factor for some neurological and psychiatric disorders and addressing nutritional deficiencies may alleviate symptoms. Therefore, optimizing nutritional intake may represent a potential treatment or prevention strategy. This review summarizes a selection of promising nutrients for the prevention and amelioration of neurological disorders to provide a summary for scientists, clinicians and patients, which may improve understanding of the potential benefits of nutrients in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Optimization of the fermentation process, characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides produced from Azotobacter As101
Published on: 20th December, 2022
Azotobacter was selectively isolated and purified from the soil samples of Xinjiang Salt Lake Scenic spot, the fermentation technology of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Azotobacter was optimized, and the antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) was studied. The bacteria were isolated and purified from the soil samples by the scribing method and the 16SrRNA gene was used for molecular identification. The carbon source, fermentation time, inoculation amount and pH of target bacteria in the exopolysaccharides (EPS) fermentation process were optimized through single-factor experiments and their antioxidant activity was measured. Eight types of Azotobacter were isolated and purified from the soil samples of Salt Lake scenic spot. Among them, As101, which showed 99.58% homology with Azotobacter salinestris, was selected as the target strain. Through single-factor experiments which used exopolysaccharides (EPS) yield and exopolysaccharides content as indexes, the optimal conditions for the As101 fermentation process were determined as follows: fermentation temperature 35, fermentation time 96h, pH 7 and mannitol as carbon source. Exopolysaccharides content from Azotobacter salinestris was 61.35% and the yield was 6.34 g/L. The results of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) antioxidant activity experiment under optimal conditions showed that As101 EPS had excellent scavenging ability against DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical and hydroxyl free radical, with IC50 values of 6.11 mg/ml, 2.42 mg/ml and 9.57 mg/ml, respectively. As101 with high yield and high exopolysaccharides content was isolated from saline soil in a special environment of Xinjiang, and the EPS obtained showed excellent antioxidant activity. The Azotobacter found in this study would provide the material basis for further opening up the adsorption of exopolysaccharides on heavy metals and the improvement of saline-alkali soil and contribute to further understanding of the structure and other activities of exopolysaccharides derived from Azotobacter.
The effects of hemp seed consumption on depression, anxiety and cognitive improvement based on machine learning
Published on: 11th March, 2023
Background: Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Cannabis genus that contains a large amount of protein, iron, and fatty acids, including linoleic, α-linolenic, and γ-linolenic acid. These compounds are involved in a number of biological activities, including immunity enhancement, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation reduction. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of hemp seed on human cognitive function.Methods: The test was administered to 34 healthy volunteers aged ≥ 20 years. Participants were selected according to age and sex and were administered 10 g of hemp seed three times daily (30 g/day) for 45 days. The outcome measurements were recorded using a survey, computerized neurocognitive tests, and artificial intelligence.Results: Survey analysis determined that both the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory measurements decreased significantly after hemp seed consumption when compared to measurements taken before consumption (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant results were observed in the Stroop and Tower of London tasks (p < 0.05). The prediction performance for the antidepressant effect was 0.83 for the area under the curve in the random forest algorithm, which was superior to that of other machine learning methods. Conclusion: These results suggest that hemp seeds have a beneficial effect on cognitive impairment.
Pregnancy and exogenous constitutional obesity. possibilities of ozone therapy
Published on: 16th March, 2023
The aim of the study was to evaluate ozone therapy in obese pregnant women. 118 pregnant women with varying degrees of obesity were examined and treated. It turned out that the course of intravenous drip administration of ozonated saline solution leads to the normalization of a number of important indicators of homeostasis including stimulation of the antioxidant system and reduction of peroxide stress. The reduction in the frequency of miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, and bleeding during childbirth and the postpartum period is achieved. It`s possible to recommend the inclusion of ozone therapy in the preventive treatment of pregnant women with exogenous constitutional obesity.
Considering antioxidant supplements as a means to prevent diseases
Published on: 27th April, 2023
Oxidative stress has been implicated in Alzheimer’s and many other diseases and more recently, it has been linked to various COVID-19-related symptoms. Many diseases do not develop immediately as a result of the accumulated causes or injury, but rather, as a result of prolonged exposure to elevated oxidative stress, which disrupts the body’s natural homeostatic functions.
Snapshot of the Involvement of Glutathione in Plant-Pathogen Interactions
Published on: 27th June, 2023
Glutathione (GSH), a dynamic biomolecule, is popularly called the “master antioxidant”. This tripeptide thiol is almost ubiquitously found in prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, with some organism exceptions, and is known for its several significant roles including in plants. GSH in plant systems restricts itself not only to plant growth and development but its role is crucial in providing resistance to plants against several environmental hazards also.
Neural Network Calculator of Rubber Characteristics with Improved Properties
Published on: 28th August, 2023
A new technique for the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the generalization and visual presentation of the results of experimental studies is proposed. The possibility of using ANN for cases for which their use was previously considered impossible is shown. ANN calculators have been created that summarize the results of experimental studies on the effect of trans-polynorbornene and basalt fiber on the characteristics of a rubber compound based on general-purpose rubbers (isoprene SKI-3, butadiene-methylstyrene SKMS-30ARK and butadiene SKD), which also contained vulcanizing agents (N, N′-dithiodimorpholine, thiuram D), vulcanization accelerators (sulfenamide C, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole), vulcanization activators (zinc white, stearic acid), emollients (industrial oil I-12A, rosin) and antioxidants (acetonanil H, diaphene FP). The rubber mixture was prepared on laboratory rollers LB 320 160/160. Subsequently, the rubber mixture was vulcanized in a P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD press. For the resulting vulcanizates, the physical and mechanical properties and their changes were determined after daily exposure to air and in a standard SZhR-1 hydrocarbon liquid at a temperature of 100 °C. We also studied the change in the mass of vulcanizates after exposure to industrial oil I-20A and water. The dynamic parameters (modulus of elasticity and mechanical loss tangent) of vulcanizates, which characterize their noise and vibration-absorbing properties, were studied on a Metravib VHF 104 dynamic mechanical analyzer. The created ANN calculators allow solving a direct problem - interpolating the dependences of all rubber characteristics on the content of basalt fiber, as well as solving inverse problems - to determine the required content of basalt fiber to create rubber with the required performance properties. The autonomous executable modules of the calculators developed by ANN were made and can be passed to everyone.
Utilization of Molecular Simulation Applications for Stability Testing of Anthocyanin Compounds in Black Elderberry
Published on: 1st September, 2023
Recently, many studies on the molecular activity of compounds have been carried out using simulations through computer programs or in silico simulations. Anthocyanins are one of the compounds that are often used as food coloring agents and can function as antioxidants to prevent blockage of blood vessels, as an anti-cancer that can prevent the development of cancer cells and tumors and have anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the research is to determine the stability of anthocyanins using molecular simulations and determine the best mixing sequence of ingredients to produce the most stable anthocyanin mixture. Based on the results of the simulations carried out, it can be proven that the final 3 sets (the modeled compound belonging to namely AP and AZ followed by a number based on the simulation order) selected are AP17, AP18, and AZ17. The AP17 set had the lowest potential energy at the end of molecular dynamics simulations, but molecular visualization showed structural instability indicated by the formation of gaps in the molecular conformation. The AP18 set had the second lowest potential energy at the end of molecular dynamics simulations and molecular visualization showed molecular conformation that tended to be stable during molecular simulations with no change in structure. The AZ17 set had the highest potential energy of the final 3 sets selected and molecular visualization showed a gap in the conformation at the beginning of the simulation, but over time the gap became denser, indicating that the molecule became more stable over time. Based on the research results, the AP18 set was chosen because it has relatively low potential energy and it can be proven that the structure visualization of this set tends to be more stable over time during molecular dynamics simulations.
Potential Use of Essential Oils and Their Individual Components in Cosmeceuticals: A Review
Published on: 7th September, 2023
The cosmetic industry is searching for new active ingredients from renewable natural sources to make more environmentally friendly and safe products. Botanical extract is a nearly limitless source of these new actives due to the current consumer demands as well as international regulations. Due to both their fragrant nature for the creation of fragrances and perfumes and the numerous advantageous properties of their individual components (EOCs), such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, essential oils (EOs) emerge as a very common natural ingredient in cosmetics and toiletries. Additionally, nowadays, the cosmetic industry includes EOs or different mixtures of their individual components (EOCs), either as active ingredients or as preservatives, in various product ranges (e.g., moisturizers, lotions, and cleansers in skin care cosmetics; conditioners, masks or anti-dandruff products in hair care products; lipsticks, or fragrances in perfumery). However, because each essential oil’s distinct chemical profile is linked to a different set of advantages, it is challenging to generalize about how they might be used in cosmetics and toiletries. Formulators frequently spend time looking for appropriate combinations of EOs or EOCs to achieve particular advantages in the finished products. The literature on the most recent developments in the use of EOs and EOCs in the production of cosmetic products is updated in this work’s review of the literature. Additionally, certain particular issues pertaining to the security of EOs and EOCs in cosmetics will be covered. It is expected that the information contained in this comprehensive review can be exploited by formulators in the design and optimization of cosmetic formulations containing EOs.
Determination of the Potential for use of Plant Essential Oils as a Fungicide Against Fusarium Oxysporum (OG10)
Published on: 22nd September, 2023
This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils of thyme, ginger, and mint from medicinal aromatic plants can provide resistance to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in the maize plant. To this end, the antifungal effect of 0.1 ml, 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, and 1 ml essential oil amounts was determined by the agar disc diffusion method. It was determined that concentrations containing 0.1, and 0.25 ml essential oil showed no antifungal effects, however, concentrations containing 0.5 and 1 ml essential oil had antifungal effects. The most effective concentration was found to be 1 ml of essential oil in all three species. The maize was grown under hydroponic conditions. Thyme, ginger, and mint essential oils (1 g/100 ml) were applied to the root medium of the grown maize plant on the 8th day. An F. oxysporum suspension containing 107 spores was applied after 24 hours and harvested 3 days later. When the reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and MDA amounts of the harvested plants were examined, it was observed that there was an increase in the population of F. oxysporum. However, applications of thyme, ginger, and mint essential oil have been observed to significantly reduce these. It was also determined that essential oils protected the plant against F. oxysporum by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Although these three essential oils applied have antifungal properties, it has been observed that the best effect belongs to thyme essential oil. The results show that essential oils of thyme ginger and mint can be used as potential fungicides against the pathogen F. oxysporum in maize cultivation
Qualitative Identification of Secondary Metabolites and Determination of the Toxicity of Extracts Obtained from the Flower of Kalanchoe Pinnata
Published on: 17th October, 2023
Kalanchoe pinnata, also known as air leaf or life leaf, is a plant used in traditional medicine in different world regions. In Mexico, it is included in the Atlas de la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana with a wide variety of applications, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antihistamine, among others. However, neither a secondary metabolite profile of the flower has been reported nor information on its possible toxicity. The latter is the purpose of this work. A phytochemical profile of extracts with solvents of different polarity (aqueous, methanol, ethanol, and ether) was carried out. In this profile, the structural compounds could be qualitatively determined by chemical reactions, and some changes in coloring or precipitation were observed. The acute toxicity test of the extracts was performed with an aquatic organism, Artemia sp, and a terrestrial organism Eisenia foetida, as well as the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the extracts in the organism of Eisenia foetida. The ABTS radical method and TROLOX were applied as synthetic antioxidants for the evaluation of the inhibition percentage. Most important secondary metabolites were qualitatively identified in the extracts of K. pinnata flowers. Mainly in the alcoholic extracts (methanol and ethanol) tannins, alkaloids, and flavonols were found. As mentioned above, they are reported to have toxicological effects. The toxicity and antioxidant activity tests confirm the preliminary results obtained in the identification of secondary metabolites. It is therefore concluded that the flower of Kalanchoe pinnata contains secondary metabolites that may be of great therapeutic interest.
Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Published on: 20th October, 2023
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Zn supplementation on oxidative stress by evaluating changes in serum Copper (Cu) to Zinc (Zn) ratio, homocysteine (hCys), Glutathione (GSH), Total Bilirubin (TB) and Catalase (CAT) activity in hemodialysis patients.Methods: Seventy-seven HD patients were enrolled in a multicenter simple-blind randomized clinical trial. Only 37 HD patients completed the study. They were randomly divided into two groups and supplemented with zinc sulfate (n = 17) or placebo (n = 20) for two months. Serum Zn and Cu were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum hCys was measured by immunology method, serum GSH and CAT activity were assessed by spectrophotometry method and TB was measured by colorimetric method. Determinations were performed before and after supplementation.Findings: After zinc supplementation, serum Zn, serum GSH, and Serum Total Bilirubin (STB) significantly increased. Serum Cu to Zn ratio, serum hCys, and CAT activity significantly decreased in the Zn Zn-supplemented group.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation increased serum antioxidant factors such as Zn, GSH, and bilirubin and decreased serum oxidative factors such as copper to zinc ratio, hCys, and decreased CAT activity. The study results suggest that zinc supplementation may be a useful tool for the improvement of oxidative stress in HD patients.
Improvements in the Subjective Sleep of Japanese Middle-aged Managers from the Consumption of an Edible Film Containing Crocetin
Published on: 13th November, 2023
It has been reported that Japanese people sleep for an average of 7 hours and 22 minutes per night, with those in their 40s and 50s sleeping the least. This is much less than in other developed countries. Aging has also been reported to decrease the total sleep time and sleep latency as well as increase wake after sleep onset (WASO). Crocetin is a carotenoid with antioxidant activity. It has been reported that 14 consecutive days of crocetin intake increases delta power during sleep and decreases WASO. However, the benefits of short-term ingestion have not been clarified. In this double-blind, randomized crossover study, we examined the effects of crocetin-containing edible films consumed for seven consecutive days on the sleep quality of healthy Japanese subjects working in management positions who were aged 45 years or older.The study participants comprised 20 subjects (12 males and 8 females; mean age 50.4 ± 4.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 22.5 ± 2.7). An electroencephalography (EEG) measuring device (InSomnograf®) was used to measure sleep objectively and a questionnaire, OSA Sleep Questionnaire MA version (OSA-MA) was used to assess sleep subjectively upon waking. The crocetin group demonstrated significantly higher values of OSA-MA Factor 3 (frequent dreaming) than the placebo group (placebo: 46.8 ± 6.9; crocetin: 49.5 ± 7.4). No differences were observed for the other four factors. No differences were observed in the sleep parameters determined with InSomnograf®.Our findings suggest a new effect of crocetin on sleep quality of frequent dreaming.
Mechanism of Action and Validation of the Traditional Medicinal use of Grewia Tenax Fruits in Sudan to Encounter Iron Deficiency Anemia
Published on: 27th December, 2023
Introduction: In Sudan, Grewia tenax fruits, are known commonly as Goddaim. The fruit’s pericarp is used traditionally for a long time as a juice or a porridge to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Traditional Goddaim users have a very strong belief in its effectiveness. However, the pattern of hemoglobin improvement follows an initial fast increase followed by a decline upon continuing its use. Some previous studies have attributed its effect to high iron content, while the iron quantity was too small. This work attempts to find an explanation for its mechanism of action by screening the fruit extract and its respective fractions for secondary metabolites, minerals, vitamins, and fibre. Methods: Entailed three methodologies: Chemical analysis to identify quantified minerals, ascorbic acid and non-digestible fibers, Phytochemical Analysis to separate and identify secondary metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS technique), and estimation of radical scavenging activities of crude fruit extract and its respective chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions by inhibition of the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH).Results: Ascorbic acid and indigestible fibres were revealed in the aqueous extract. Secondary metabolites were flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), organic acids (e.g., ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid), β-carboline alkaloids (e.g., 3-hydroxy-tetrahydroharman) identified in the chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. The in vitro antioxidant activity of G. tenax fruit extract was confirmed spectrophotometrically. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the initial enhancement of iron absorption through ascorbic acid and fibres, followed by iron uptake inhibition, could be explained by iron chelation by the chelators in the fruits. This paradoxical effect may qualify G. tenax fruits as a safety gauge for improving haemoglobin levels without compromising iron excess once iron stores are filled by keeping the oxidative stress in check. This may present G. tenax fruits as a good and safe remedy that optimizes the treatment of IDA.
Antioxidants and Pregnancy Complications: Exploring Therapeutic Strategies for Better Outcomes
Published on: 25th January, 2024
Pregnancy complications present significant challenges, impacting maternal health and fetal development. Oxidative stress, a key contributor to various pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth, has spurred interest in exploring antioxidant interventions. Antioxidants, known for their ability to counteract oxidative damage, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents to mitigate these complications. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on the role of antioxidants in pregnancy, elucidating their mechanisms of action, sources, and impact on oxidative stress-related complications. It examines diverse antioxidant compounds, including vitamins C and E, selenium, and natural phytochemicals, highlighting their potential to modulate oxidative stress pathways and promote maternal-fetal well-being. Furthermore, this paper critically analyzes clinical studies, meta-analyses, and preclinical research exploring the efficacy and safety of antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy. It discusses the complexities surrounding optimal dosages, timing, and formulations of antioxidants, aiming to delineate strategies for their integration into prenatal care. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the promising role of antioxidants as therapeutic strategies to alleviate pregnancy complications associated with oxidative stress. It highlights avenues for future research, advocating for a deeper understanding of antioxidant mechanisms and their optimal utilization in prenatal care to enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Rida Herbal Bitters Improve Cardiovascular Function in High-fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Published on: 28th February, 2024
Background: Effective medication to manage diabetes mellitus-related organ complications with minimal adverse drug toxicity is still in pursuit by scientists worldwide. This study investigated the cardio-protective of Rida herbal bitter (RHB) in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Thirty-two matured male Wistar rats (250 ± 20g) were used. The animals were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks before diabetes induction. A single dose of (35 mg/kgb.wt) freshly prepared STZ was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The animals were allocated into four groups, 8rats/group. Group I: control; Group II: HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats; Groups III & IV: HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with 0.3 ml RHB & 200 mg/kgb.wt metformin respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, blood was sample collected via cardiac puncture and the heart was excised and homogenized. The blood samples and cardiac homogenates tissue were centrifuged to retrieve clear supernatant plasma for biochemical assay.Results: Diabetic rats exhibited significant (p < 0.05) elevated blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cardiac biomarkers, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-inflammatory cytokines, food, and water intake levels with a reduction in body weight, cardiac antioxidant activity, and total protein. RHB administration significantly (p < 0.05) diminished the blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, cardiac biomarkers, MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid profile, food, and water intake, and improved the body weight cardiac antioxidant activity, and total protein.Conclusion: Rida herbal bitter possesses a cardio-protective effect from this study and could be a better alternative medication for managing diabetes and its related cardiovascular complications.
Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Antioxidant Health Effect of Tuna Dark Meat Enzymatic Polypeptides
Published on: 21st March, 2024
In order to study the molecular mechanism of the antioxidant effect of enzymatically hydrolyzed tuna dark meat peptides, this article uses alkaline protease to enzymatically hydrolyze tuna dark meat, and at the same time performs peptide sequencing using matrix-assisted laser dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). Discovery Studio (DS) performed molecular docking. Finally, the antioxidant effect was verified through DPPH clearance experiments. The results show that the dominant peptide sequences in the tuna dark meat hydrolyzed polypeptides are LAPGQ, GGGDPI, and PLRLP; through molecular simulation methods (Discover Studio, DS), the potential target of the above-mentioned enzymatic polypeptides was screened out to be Keap1, thus predicting antioxidant activity. It provides theoretical support for further research on enzymatic peptides. Through DPPH clearance experiments, it was found that both the enzymatic hydrolysate and LAPGQ, GGGDPI, and PLRLP have antioxidant activity, confirming their effects.
Preparation of Healthy Cookies from Germinated Flour Blends of Finger Millet and Pearl Millet Sweetened with Jaggery
Published on: 2nd April, 2024
Millets are physiologically and therapeutically healthy with high nutritious value and are in rising demand in emerging markets like India, China, Africa, and other developing countries including the Western world. Germinated Millets have high digestibility and are used as healthy food for children’s growth and development. Climate change resilience technology, high nutritional value, and the announcement of the year 2023 as “International Millet Year” have made it very popular. Bakery items based on Millet, particularly cookies, are becoming more popular in both urban and rural areas. Jaggery is raw sugar prepared from sugarcane juice and is considered superior to white sugar. It offers numerous nutritional and therapeutic benefits, including anti-carcinogenic with antitoxic actions. Hence, this study aimed to prepare healthy food items with germinated finger and pearl Millets for better nutritional quality that are attracting the attention of health-conscious people on a worldwide scale. Cookies made from blends of germinated wheat flour (GWF), germinated finger millet flour (GFMF), and germinated pearl millet flour (GPMF) were examined for their physicochemical qualities, in vitro digestibility, antioxidant activity, and overall acceptability by consumers. In vitro protein digestibility (62.24-82.34%), starch digestibility (47.48-62.41%), total phenolic content (11.45–49.12 mg GAE/100 g), and antioxidant activities significantly increased as the proportion of GFMF and GPMF flour increased in the cookie samples, whereas total starch, dietary fiber, carbohydrate, and phytic acid decreased. The physical qualities of the cookies were also improved by the addition of GFMF and GPMF flours. Cookies with acceptable sensory properties, including taste, aroma, appearance, mouthfeel, crispiness, and overall acceptability, were produced by blending 60% GWF, 20% GFMF, and 20% GPMF (T2). This study demonstrated that GFMF and GPMF flour blends may be used as functional ingredients to create superior goods.
GS-MS Profile, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaves of Vitelleria paradoxa c.f. Gaertn
Published on: 1st May, 2024
Vitellaria paradoxa is an important medicinal plant that is used for the treatment of infections such as diarrhea, dysentery, helminthes, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and wounds. This research aims to determine other important uses of the plant leaves and quantify the phytochemicals present in the leaves. The plant leaves were extracted with two solvents (n-hexane and methanol). The phytochemicals were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using standard methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH. In the qualitative phytochemical screening of the methanol extract flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins were identified as being present while steroids, anthraquinones, and glycosides were absent. All the screened secondary metabolites were absent in the n-hexane extract. In the GC-MS analysis of the methanol and n-hexane extracts seven compounds were obtained from the methanol extract while a total of twenty-four compounds were obtained from the n-hexane extract. The quantitative determination of the total flavonoid and phenolic contents showed that the leaves high content of flavonoids (91.00 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract) and phenolics (91.39 mg Gallic acid equivalent /g extract). These phytochemicals could be responsible for its high antioxidant activity (79.62%).
Cardioprotective Potentials of Anacardium occidentale Nuts Methanolic Extract in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats
Published on: 15th May, 2024
Background: The unwanted adverse toxicity displayed by synthetic antidiabetic medicine leads to the search for effective natural medicine to combat diabetes complications. This study investigated the cardioprotective of Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Forty male adult Wistar were used and fed with HFD for 6 weeks before diabetes induction. The rats were grouped into 5 groups, 8 rats/group. Group I: normal control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III & IV: diabetic rats + 100 mg/kgb.wt & 200 mg/kgb.wt Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic extract; Group V: diabetic rats + 200 mg/kgb.wt metformin. The rats were sacrificed on the experiment’s last day, blood samples were collected and the hearts were isolated for biochemical parameters estimation.Results: Food intake, water intake, plasmas insulin, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cardiac enzymes, lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, fibrotic marker, caspase-3 in cardiac of diabetic rats were elevated (p < 0.05) significantly. Body weight, cardiac antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic marker levels diminished (p < 0.05) significantly in diabetic rats. 100 mg/kgb.wt & 200 mg/kgb.wt of Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic extract administration significantly suppressed the plasma insulin, FBG, HbA1c, cardiac lipid profile, cardiac enzymes biomarker, cardiac inflammatory cytokines, cardiac malondialdehyde, cardiac fibrotic marker, cardiac caspase-3, food intake & water intake and increased the body weight, cardiac antioxidant & cardiac anti-apoptotic marker in the diabetic rats.Conclusion: Anacardium occidentale nuts attenuate cardiac injury in diabetes. It could be a natural medicine to manage diabetes-cardiovascular complications.
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