Disposable Diapers in Infancy and Their Potential Detrimental Impact on Male Fertility in Adulthood
Published on: 22nd July, 2024
The overall human fertility rate has been continuously declining across the globe for a number of reasons. This review summarizes data, which proposes that the use of disposable diapers for newborns and infants may incur reproductive harm in adulthood. More than 70 years ago, a disposable synthetic waterproof baby diaper was developed, mainly to reduce the burden of working mothers. Modern diapers feature the same original design, which contains one unit of disposable material wrapped around the perineum to collect urine and feces. This design results in an increase in internal area temperatures by 2-4 °C, which can be detrimental to the function and development of reproductive cells. Moreover, the standard diaper template promotes the free passage of feces, including fecal bacteria, to the genitals, which can lead to urogenital infection and reproductive impairments. The available clinical data suggest that diaper use during infancy may have a negative impact on fertility after puberty. There is a critical need for additional studies to better assess the impact of diapers on reproductive health.
From Ashes to Life - The Indestructible D. radiodurans
Published on: 15th July, 2024
Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) was accidentally discovered in 1956 when cans of ground meat were exposed to massive doses of ionizing gamma radiation, intended to kill dangerous bacteria. The bacterium can survive doses of radiation, even up to 1,000 times that which is deadly to humans. Among biologists and biophysicists, D. radiodurans is often humorously called “Conan the Bacterium.” This extreme radioresistance of the bacterium has been attributed to its ability to protect the proteome from ROS, which originates from water radiolysis, and also to carry out the effective repair of a large amount of DNA damage.
Causal Inference for Scoliosis and Strabismus: A 2-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Published on: 24th July, 2024
Background: Some studies have shown an association between spinal curvature and strabismus, but the genetic association has not been clarified. Therefore, the present study is proposed to be a Mendelian randomization study aiming to investigate the genetic causal association between spinal curvature and strabismus.Purpose: Genetic causal associations between strabismus, convergent concomitant strabismus (Ccs), Divergent concomitant strabismus (Dcs), Other specified and unspecified strabismus (Osus), Other strabismus (Os) and spinal curvature were investigated by a bidirectionalMendelian randomization study to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of spinal curvature.Methods: Significant and independent Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies were selected as Instrumental Variables (IVs) for Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median (WME), Simple Mode (SM), and weighted mode (WM) were used to analyze causal association; Heterogeneity and multiplicity tests were also performed and analyzed using the leave-one-out method to assess the stability of the results.Results: MR and reverse MR were utilized to assess the impact of scoliosis on strabismus, revealing that the 95% confidence intervals of all instrumental variables’ OR values spanned 1 and the p values were all above 0.05. These results indicate a lack of evidence supporting a causal relationship between scoliosis and strabismus. Conclusion: There is currently no conclusive evidence of a genetic causal relationship between scoliosis and strabismus, including their subtypes. Further laboratory studies are needed to confirm these findings, and future research with larger sample sizes is necessary to provide more robust support.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia - Post Major ABO Incompatible Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation Role of Ibrutinib
Published on: 24th July, 2024
Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a well-recognized complication of Major ABO-incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is featured by anemia, Reticulocytopenia, and the absence of erythroblasts in a normal-appearing bone marrow biopsy. The mechanism for PRCA is presumed to be the persistence of recipient isoagglutinins, produced by residual host B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which probably interfere with the engraftment of donor erythroid cells. Several risk factors for PRCA have been reported, such as the presence of Anti-A Isoagglutininsbefore transplantation, reduced intensity conditioning, absence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), sibling donor and Cyclosporin A(CsA) as GVHD prophylaxis. PRCA is not a barrier to going ahead with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). There are many therapeutic options however few recover spontaneously, among the available options include high-dose steroids, Erythropoietin(EPO), Plasma exchange, Donor lymphocyte Infusion (DLI), treatment with Rituximab, Bortezomib, Daratumumab and tapering or discontinuation of immunosuppression. All these options have variable success in the literature ranging from 30% - 70%, Non-responders become red cell transfusion dependent and their quality of life is impaired. We are reporting a novel therapeutic option, Ibrutinib as an armamentarium in treating the PRCA post-HSCT, which works by blocking the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) pathway thereby inhibiting the host B cell isoagglutinins production and good clinical response.
Post-COVID-19 Era, 15th Minutes City New Urban Model Changing Housing Design and Models
Published on: 25th July, 2024
This research centered on the transition from sustainability to the post-COVID-19 era, significantly altered and transformed cities, city plans, and housing models holistically approach. Although the academic world concentrating on sustainable urban and housing design since the 1990s, the pandemic has emerged as a critical paradigm shift in context since 2019. During the COVID-19 period the Paris city 15 minutes concept, first introduced by Paris Mayor A. Hidalgo initially sparked controversy as temporary now considered permanent in Paris recently, Oxford. In the post-pandemic era, sustainability has become significant on the global agenda, shaping cities, city models, and residences through profound and radical changes. Some efforts are supported by Climate-change conferences in the world and subsequently some determinations like the Paris Agreement and UN declarations that guide more livable environments and houses. Due to COVID-19 the newly emerged conditions and compulsory changes that have taken place in the cities the social isolation, distance living, and remote working led to radical changes in the living style, environment, city plans, housing models, and typologies holistically. Although many publications have been published in the last few years about the pandemic and the Paris City 15 minutes concept, they only address the city and urban scale solutions. There is no research with a holistic approach that relates the subject from the urban scale to the architectural scale, housing, and blocks. Within the 15-minute concept, searched, developed, innovative, and sustainable urban and housing-oriented suggestions for cities in the future are presented at the end of the research. In conclusion, it is revealed that the issue of sustainability has gained importance with an increasing momentum in the world agenda, witnessed the radical changes in cities and residences, in the post-COVID-19 period in the last 2-3 years.
Return to Play in High-level Athletes after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Published on: 29th July, 2024
In sports medicine, the recovery process for injuries to the musculoskeletal system has been well established, including the recovery time until the athlete can compete again to prevent relapses. These decisions support the sports physician in acting with greater confidence. However, there are no clear criteria and protocols for other systemic diseases. In the following study, we report our experience and suggest an action protocol for a professional basketball team.
Reliability and Diagnostic Performance of Transient Hepatic Elastography in Chronic Hepatitis C during the Training Phase
Published on: 2nd August, 2024
Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 58 million people worldwide and around 700,000 individuals in Brazil. Various non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis have been proposed, such as transient hepatic elastography (THE) using FibroScan®. However, the reliability of the performance, by operators in the training phase is undetermined, which hinders its applicability in clinical practice. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of training an inexperienced operator to perform the examinations using FibroScan® in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Specifically, the frequency of unreliable results throughout the training was assessed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection including compensated chronic hepatitis C patients who underwent the examinations using FibroScan® between March 2014 and December 2016, performed by two researchers. Included patients were divided into two groups based on the operator's experience in the examination: the Experienced Examiner (EE) group and the Examiner in Training (ET) group, with the latter divided into two phases: phase 1, consisting of the first 100 examinations, and phase 2, comprising subsequent examinations. For the reliability analysis, parameters such as success rate (SR), interquartile range (IQR) to median (Md) ratio (IQR/Md), and reliability criteria of Castéra, et al. and Boursier, et al. were used. Results: Between March 2014 and December 2016, 771 adult HCV-infected individuals were evaluated and divided into EE group (n = 161), ET phase 1 (n = 100), and ET phase 2 (n = 158), showing similar demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. SR and IQR/Md ratios were similar among EE, ET phase 1, and ET phase 2 groups. The proportion of reliable results was comparable in all three groups, using Castéra, et al. reliability criteria (92.5%, 92.0%, and 97.5%, respectively) and Boursier, et al. criteria (96.9%, 95.0%, and 98.1%, respectively). Conclusion: A short training period (up to 100 examinations) seems to be sufficient for them to have good clinical applicability in the hands of an operator with initial experience in the method
Required Elements for Next-generation Prognostic Index beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure
Published on: 12th August, 2024
Many reports are showing no differences in prognosis between patients with Heart Failure (HF) with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. All-in-one analysis with a multivariable model, including clinical characteristics, blood test, comorbidity, and echocardiographic indices, on clinical outcomes in patients with HF has not been performed rarely in previous studies. We have to accept the need to be more comprehensive in the outcome analysis of patients with HF and consider the intricate interplay of multiple variables in patient outcomes.
Clinical Case of Successful Therapy for the Patient with Autism by use of Fetal Stem Cells
Published on: 19th August, 2024
More than 60 million persons all over the world are living with the diagnosis of “Autism”, in accordance with the UNO. According to the WHO, almost every hundredth child is a sufferer of ASD. Such figures emphasize globalization of the problem, and its impact not only on the child’s family but also on the economies of entire countries.Autism diagnosis is difficult and based on the general symptoms in kids. Today, the neuroimaging techniques (methods of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MRI tractography), Electroencephalography (EEG), evoked cognitive potentials and dynamic monitoring of the results help with an objective evaluation of stem cell therapy.Treatment options in modern pharmacology and rehabilitation psychotherapy for ASD kids are limited. Therapy methods do not ensure a full integration into social life and personality awareness. To alleviate likely problems in society, different therapeutic approaches exist that might reduce the manifestation of the various autism symptoms. FSC therapy is one such innovative method that has recently become enough popular.We inform about the clinical case of successful treatment using fetal stem cells for a child with autism followed by the period of 1-year follow-up showing significant clinical results. Over one year, the positive changes that had been proved by the ATEC questionnaire, the EEG results, and MRI-tractography were noted by the patient’s family. As emphasized in the clinical case report, fetal stem cell therapy is a promising and efficient treatment for children with autism. All that was sufficiently confirmed by the results acquired because we saw an overall improvement in this patient.
The Effect of Shoulder Immobilization Position on Outcomes Following Rotator Cuff Repair: A Scoping Review
Published on: 20th August, 2024
Introduction: There has been growing interest in determining the influence of post-operative immobilization posture and rehabilitation protocol on healing rates and clinical outcomes. Current consensus calls for the use of an immobilization device post-operatively, which commonly comes in the form of a standard sling or an abduction brace with the arm positioned in varying degrees of abduction. There is a lack of high-level evidence in the literature to recommend one type of immobilization device or arm position over another. Objectives: This study aimed to summarize the current clinical and biomechanical evidence for the optimal postoperative positioning and bracing of the arm following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: A comprehensive search of the electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed was performed using a combination of the following keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms: ‘arthroscopic’, ‘rotator cuff repair’, ‘sling’, ‘brace’ and ‘immobilization’. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRIMSA) guidelines. Two reviewers performed an independent assessment of the methodological quality of each eligible clinical study using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS).Results: Based on current biomechanical evidence, placement of the arm into an abducted position following rotator cuff repair was found to be favorable. An abduction angle of 30° was associated with lower strain on the repair while maintaining appropriate contact pressure at the footprint. However, the use of an abduction brace did not result in a clinically significant improvement in long-term PROM, ROM, and re-tear rates when compared to a traditional sling in clinical studies.Conclusion: Despite observing favorable outcomes with abduction bracing after rotator cuff repair in biomechanical studies these findings were not reproduced in clinical studies. However, current clinical studies are comprised of small sample sizes, varying tear sizes, and significant heterogeneity in both, the degree of abduction and forearm rotation. Future studies should be directed towards prospectively investigating the effect of immobilization position among patients with similar rotator cuff tear sizes.
An Instance of Green-tinted Urine Related to the use of Propofol
Published on: 20th August, 2024
Urine typically has an amber-yellow color due to the amorphous pigment urochrome, a distinct scent, and an average pH of 6.0, which is somewhat acidic. Green urine can result from drug intake, dyes, infections, adverse drug reactions, and other causes. Less than 1% of propofol users experience green urine, a rare and benign side effect. The green tint in urine is caused by the phenolic metabolites of propofol. In this case, a 33-year-old man diagnosed with organophosphorus poisoning and aspiration pneumonia had been given a modest dose of propofol sedation for six hours and began to exhibit green urine. After five hours of halting the propofol infusion, the urine returned to its usual color. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of this unusual but safe side effect of propofol.
A Review on Heavy Metals in Ecosystems, Their Sources, Roles, and Impact on Plant Life
Published on: 21st August, 2024
The presence of heavy metals (HMs) on Earth is essential to all forms of life. These metals are essential for plant and animal development but can have numerous negative effects on the living environment. In this review, we looked at where HMs come from, why they are harmful, and how they affect plants. Articles indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, and a few books on heavy metals were consulted for this study. Heavy metals are essential for plant development and growth. According to this analysis, the hazardous effects of HMs are on the rise all throughout the globe, and this trend may be attributed mostly to human activity. Because of its impact on agricultural productivity and environmental changes, soil pollution caused by HMs is among the most crucial elements. Plants have evolved very sophisticated defense systems to deal with these environmental challenges. The threat that HM stress poses to plants has attracted a lot of attention worldwide because it could stunt agriculture’s long-term expansion. In spite of their importance for plants, this study found that HMs pose a significant threat to plant life. The novelty of this review lies in its detailed examination of both the beneficial and detrimental roles of HMs, providing a balanced perspective often overlooked in current literature. The significance of this work is underscored by its potential to inform sustainable agricultural practices and environmental management strategies, as it highlights the delicate balance required to harness the benefits of HMs while mitigating their risks. Despite their necessity for plant development, this review underscores the significant risks HMs pose to plant health and ecosystems.Less than 10 cases have been reported in the literature of the association of germline BRCA1 and Squamous cell Carcinoma – the esophagus. The article focuses on the probable pathogenesis of BRCA1 mutation with non-classic malignancies and the response of Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARP) inhibitors in such a scenario. We report an unusual manifestation of the BRCA1 gene with second primary oesophageal squamous cell cancer occurring five years later to triple-negative breast cancer.
Resolution of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis with Bacteriophage-antibiotic Therapy
Published on: 22nd August, 2024
Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a commonly diagnosed genitourinary infection that presents significant challenges both in diagnosis and treatment. In an upcoming era of antibiotic resistance, and limited therapeutic options it becomes imperative to revise current guidelines and to provide more effective treatment strategies. At the Eliava Phage Therapy Center (Tbilisi, Georgia) we utilize bacteriophage therapy as an alternative approach against chronic bacterial infections. Bacteriophages, viruses that target and lyse specific bacterial cells, can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with antibiotics. We present a case report of a patient with prostatitis caused by Escherichia coli infection, who prior to addressing our clinic, has been receiving antibiotic therapy without any positive effect. Our approach of combined use of antibiotics and phages was successful not only in complete clinical improvement but also in total bacterial eradication. This outcome shows the potential of bacteriophage therapy as a valuable adjunct to conventional antibacterials in the management of prostatitis.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Dialysis Patients in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Published on: 26th August, 2024
Introduction: Cognitive impairment is defined as a new deficit in at least two areas of cognitive functioning. These may include disturbances in memory, executive functioning, attention or speed of information processing, perceptual motor abilities, or language. It has been shown that cognitive impairment is associated with the severity of kidney disease. Methods: The study was a descriptive research design, with participants purposively sampled from the general chronic kidney disease population which included haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Hundred and fifty-one participants (76 hemodialysis & 75 peritoneal dialysis patients), 58% were males, and 42% were females aged 19-61 years. To establish the prevalence of cognitive impairment by testing the level of cognition the Mini-Mental State Examination was utilized to provide a brief screening test to quantitatively assess the cognitive abilities and cognitive changes of patients while on dialysis. Results: Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the recruited population reported no cognitive impairment, irrespective of dialysis modality, demographic characteristics, and socio-economic status. Conclusion: Despite the findings highlighting that the majority of the chronic kidney disease population at Steve Biko Academic Hospital reported no cognitive impairment, it is crucial to increase awareness of the potential effects of cognitive impairment on daily activities, quality of life, and treatment adherence. Early detection and management of cognitive impairment can significantly impact the quality of life and adherence to treatment among these patients. Further research is needed to understand the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment in different populations and to develop effective interventions for its prevention and management.
An Uncommon Case Report of Hypothyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with an Immunosuppressive Consequence: A Case Report
Published on: 27th August, 2024
An autoimmune condition known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) affects several systems and manifests itself in a variety of ways. It is far more common among young women who are fertile.It has been demonstrated that a mix of environmental and genetic variables may trigger immunological responses, triggering T and B cells, and leading the B cells to overproduce pathogenic autoantibodies and dysregulate cytokines, which ultimately result in harm to many organs and tissues. One feature of SLE is the presence of antibodies against cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens. An autoimmune illness is also type 1 diabetes. β-cell antibodies (Ab) and other antibodies that cause the autoimmune death of the pancreatic β-cells, which make insulin, are part of the multifactorial pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Immunosuppression is the therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and diabetes itself compromises immunity, making infections more opportunistic. We came across an unusual instance of a patient with SLE, T1DM, hypothyroidism on immunosuppression who subsequently acquired pulmonary TB.Key phrase: Autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis (RMFA) of Dentists using Optical Microscope, Loupes, or No Magnification during Endodontic Access: A Pilot Study
Published on: 29th August, 2024
Dentistry is a challenging and demanding physical profession, and this impacts not only the quality of the task outcomes but also the professional’s quality of life. The nature of dentistry demands prolonged static and awkward seated postures, frequent motions, positioning struggles, and working distances to the oral cavity for strategic procedure management, which become cumulative challenges over the working days, prone to discomfort, pain, or injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders for the operator.The limitations of the naked eye in dentistry, particularly in terms of visual information and resolution, underscore the need for visual aids. These aids are crucial for achieving the precision required for accurate procedures. Also, visual aids, such as magnifying loupes and the operative microscope, have been in the market for a while, and their proper use has shown ergonomic benefits that promote a neutral working posture and changes in work practice-oriented to control unbalanced awkward posture and motions.In this study, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment RULA compares the posture between naked-eye dentistry, conventional loupes, and operative microscope, and with the observational assessment, determine the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and the need for priority of change. The Rodgers muscle fatigue analysis RMFA is used to predict fatigue in the muscular regions of the body during specific dental tasks.
Additional Gold Recovery from Tailing Waste By Ion Exchange Resins
Published on: 30th August, 2024
The article describes the gamma activation analysis method used to determine the gold content in rock samples using the Aura measuring complex. The physicochemical basis of gold extraction in the process of cyanide leaching is considered. The technology for extracting gold from solutions of tailing waste “ponds” of tailings dumps of hydrometallurgical plants of the Joint Stock Company “Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine” (JSC NMMC) is presented. It has been shown that in the dynamic mode of sorption of tailing waste solutions acidified to pH = 3.3÷3.5 through AM-2B and VP-1P ion exchange resins, gold is sorbed on the AM-2B anion exchanger up to 3.9 mg/g and on the VP-1P anion exchanger up to 1.5 mg/g. It has been shown that when solutions of tailing waste are exposed to ammonia, ammonia complex compounds of base metal impurities are formed, which decompose, while the gold cyanide complex does not decompose and is sorbed on the AM-2B ion exchange resin up to 3.0 mg/g. The mechanisms of the chemical reactions of the process of extracting gold from tailing waste and the technological scheme of the installation for extracting gold from solutions of the tailing waste “pond” are presented.
Oral Suspension as Versatile Galenic Formulation in Pediatry
Published on: 3rd September, 2024
In the last years, there has been an increase in the prescription of drugs in pediatry as a pharmaceutical form of oral suspension. The same is true in commerce there are various producers that provide specific ready-for-use excipients to make more easier to prepare OS in the galenic laboratory. The aim of this work is to verify the advantages of this pharmaceutical form to cover pediatric dosages vs. other forms and also to overcome shortcomings of some crucial registered drugs. In this work scientific literature is reported that also relates to some ready-for-use products as bases-vehicle for suspension and some formulations of interest.
Comparative Studies of Diclofenac Sodium (NSAID) Adsorption on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Bran and Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Shell Powder using Vertical and Sequential Bed Column
Published on: 16th September, 2024
Wheat bran and groundnut shell powder have been used to study the mechanism of diclofenac sodium adsorption from aqueous solution using batch as well as column modes and maximum uptake is 84.3% for wheat bran and 82.4% for groundnut shell powder at pH 6, drug concentration 1mg/L at 298 K for 30min. Isotherm and error analysis reveals that Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms fitted well. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption process follows second-order kinetics and thermodynamic study shows endothermic adsorption process. Column adsorption study is important for industrial scale adsorption and column studies have been carried out using vertical bed and sequential bed adsorption columns at pH 6 which is the optimum pH for maximum adsorption for batch experiments. Vertical and sequential bed columns setup is simple and economical which provides flow under gravity. The effect of varying inlet feed concentration and flow rate on the breakthrough and exhaustion time of columns has been studied to determine the bed capacities of both columns. Thomas model and Yoon-Nelson models fitted well with experimental data for continuous flow column studies.
Neuroprotective Effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in a Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Published on: 18th September, 2024
Treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains elusive. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), an analog of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a high-affinity TrkB agonist, has been proposed as a viable therapeutic alternative to BDNF in crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and promoting growth, differentiation, maintenance, and survival of neurons. Here, we expand on our previous study investigating the therapeutic role of DHF on the cortical and hippocampal brain regions of the Tg26 mice, an animal model of HAND. We detected increased immunoreactivity for ion channels (SUR1, TRPM4) and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), suggesting an ionic and osmotic imbalance in the brains of Tg26 mice. Tg26 mice also exhibited loss of synaptic stability (SYN, SYP) and nicotinamide metabolism (NAMPT, SIRT1) that were associated with astrogliosis. Furthermore, Tg26 mice demonstrated increased iNOS and reduced HO-1/NRF2 expressions, implicating increased ER and oxidative stress. DHF treatment in Tg26 mice reversed these pathological changes. These data suggest crosstalk among TrkB, Akt, and related transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT3, and NRF2) as an underlying mechanism of Tg26-associated pathology in the brain. Finally, taken together with our prior study, these results further highlight a therapeutic role of DHF in promoting neuroprotection in HAND that may be applied in conjunction with current antiviral therapies.
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