bimatoprost

Known since antiquity, migraine is a complex primary disorder, an episodic painful Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) storm, generally following the stress/post-stress phase. Despite exhaustive study of neuropeptides, neurochemicals, molecules, neurogenetics, neuroimaging along with animal and human experiments over the last 50 years, the scientific basis of migraine remains unknown. Straddling eight decades from Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) to Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and its antagonists, exponentially increasing data have failed to create a gestalt synthesis. This article lays cohesive and robust fundamental principles for the comprehension and management of migraine. The continuum between migraine and non-congestive Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), or Low-Tension Glaucoma (LTG) is advancing. The case of sustained remission of migraine attacks (> 75%) over 3 years - 5 years with ocular hypotensive topical Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution (BOS) 0.3% in an N-of-1 trial in 3 patients with refractory migraine is presented. A cause-effect-adaptive process underlies the ANS-stress/post-stress-linked biology of migraine. Vasopressin-serotonin-norepinephrine ‘homeostatic-adaptive system’ Lowers Intraocular Pressure (IOP), while enhancing anti-stress, antinociception, vasomotor, and behaviour control functions, thereby selectively decreasing algogenic neural traffic in the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1), and, raising the threshold to develop migraine. Striking migraine headache-aborting feature of vomiting is also likely linked to a several hundred-fold increase in arginine-vasopressin secretion. Eye-cover tests and self-ocular digital displacement are essential to studying the visual aura. Real-time physical displacement of Scintillating Scotoma (SS) and floating ‘stars’ is reported. The basis of spontaneous onset and offset, self-limited duration of migraine attacks, as well as female preponderance, and age/menopause decline in prevalence, are elucidated. Intraocular implants with long-term ocular hypotensive effects, including bimatoprost, are the future of migraine management. Controlled trials are required to establish the migraine-preventive effect of topical bimatoprost, a revolutionary advance in neuroscience.

Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the macular region of the retina, leading to the formation of cyst-like spaces. This edema often results in visual impairment and is associated with various ocular and systemic conditions, including surgery, inflammation, or medication use. The authors present a case where Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) occurred after commencing topical bimatoprost in a pseudophakic patient with primary open angle glaucoma. The macular oedema was treated effectively with a combination of non-steroidal and steroidal topical drops. This case report shows a possible correlation between bimatoprost and CMO, in a patient with no recent confounding risk factors known to contribute to CMO . The recommendation from this report is that all patients treated with topical bimatoprost drops should have a baseline macula OCT examination and a repeated OCT examination 8 weeks after initiation of treatment, to facilitate early detection of CMO.