The Outcome of Outpatient Intermediate and High Dose Cytarabine Consolidation Chemotherapy in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The Experience of King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Published on: 9th May, 2024
Background: Adult patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) have traditionally been hospitalized for the duration of intensive consolidation chemotherapy until blood count recovery to avoid complications. Recently, there has been a trend to shift the care of AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy from inpatient to outpatient settings to reduce treatment costs and save beds. Methods and materials: A retrospective study of AML patients who received cytarabine consolidation chemotherapy between the 1st of August 2016 and the 31st of December 2023 at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia was performed. Results: Over a period of 7 years and 4 months, 62 patients received a total of 127 cycles of intensive consolidation chemotherapy at outpatient setting. At diagnosis: 12 patients had extramedullary disease, and 17 patients had adverse cytogenetic abnormalities. Following the 127 cycles of chemotherapy, 38 episodes of febrile neutropenia were encountered, and 46 hospital admissions were required. No complications were encountered following 62.2% of the cycles of consolidation therapy and no early mortality due to intensive consolidation therapy was reported. Out of 62 patients studied, 36 patients underwent various forms of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Disease relapses were encountered in 24 patients and the 5-year incidence of relapse for the entire group of patients was 42%. The 5-year leukemia-free survival for the: entire study patients, transplanted patients, and non-transplanted patients were: 43%, 38%, and 50% respectively. The 5-year overall survival for the: entire study patients, transplanted patients, and non-transplanted patients were: 44%, 34%, and 65% respectively. At the end of follow-up: 37 patients (59.68%) were alive, 24 patients (38.71%) were dead, and the fate of 1 patient (1.61%) was unknown as the patient moved to another hospital. Conclusion: Administration of intensive consolidation chemotherapy for patients with AML at outpatient setting is safe, feasible, and cost-effective. The incidence of infectious complications was relatively low. No early treatment-related mortality due to intensive consolidation therapy was encountered. Outpatient administration of intensive consolidation therapy can save beds, reduce hospital costs, and is associated with short-term and long-term outcomes that are comparable to inpatient administration of consolidation therapy.
Renal Lymphangiectasia: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Published on: 10th May, 2024
Renal lymphangiectasia, a rare lymphatic disorder, manifests as cystic infiltration in the perirenal and para-pyelic space due to lymphatic drainage defects. Diagnosis hinges on imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, and MRI. However, lack of awareness can lead to confusion with other renal cystic pathologies. Here, we present a case of renal lymphangiectasia in a child, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The patient, a 2-year-old and 2-month-old girl from a consanguineous marriage, presented with persistent abdominal distension. Clinical examination revealed growth retardation and normal blood pressure but abdominal distension with dullness. Lab investigations indicated acute renal failure with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Radiologically, renal lymphangiectasia was confirmed by ultrasound showing microcysts and perirenal cystic lesions with ascites, corroborated by MRI and CT scans. Treatment involved nephroprotective therapy and diuretics for ascites. Surgical intervention was necessitated due to cyst size and compressive nature, involving iterative punctures, marsupialization, and percutaneous drainage. Postoperatively, recurrent ascites temporarily worsened renal function but returned to baseline afterward. renal lymphangiectasia necessitates careful management due to its potential to progress to chronic renal failure. The prognosis depends on factors like initial proteinuria severity, treatment response, and complication management. Personalized approaches are pivotal in its diagnosis and management.
Elimination of Medium/High Molecular Weight Solutes. Comparison of High Flow Hemodialysis with Extended Hemodialysis
Published on: 13th May, 2024
Introduction: Post-dilution online hemodiafiltration is the most efficient extracorporeal depurative treatment of CKD. Recently a new type of membrane has been developed, with a higher cut-off point also called a medium cut-off point, which has the capacity to eliminate higher molecular weight molecules in hemodialysis. The hemodialysis performed with these membranes has been called “Expanded Hemodialysis”.Objective: Compare the purifying efficacy of medium and high molecular weight molecules in patients dialyzed with high-flux hemodialysis, VitaPES 210HF, and with patients treated with expanded hemodialysis with the medium cut-off dialyzer, Elisio-HX.We also assessed the effect that the increased removal of inflammatory mediators by MCO hemodialysis had on fecal Calprotectin levels.Patients and methods: This is a prospective observational cross-over study in which 8 prevalent hemodialysis patients were followed for two months. Blood levels of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), β2-microglobulin, Kappa and Lambda immunoglobulin light chains, and serum albumin were determined before and after each hemodialysis session.Results: The percentage of reduction of medium and higher molecular weight molecules: β2microglobulin, IL-6, Kappa and Lambda chains and CRP were higher with the Elisio-21HX dialyzer compared to the VitaPES 210HF dialyzer. There was no difference in albumin clearance between the two dialyzers.Fecal calprotectin levels were lower in patients dialyzed with Elisio-21HX.Conclusion: The medium cutoff dialyzer, Elisio-HX, is more efficient in the elimination of medium/high molecular weight molecules than the VitaPES HF high-flux dialyzer, with the same albumin elimination.Improving inflammation at the local intestinal level with lower levels of fecal Calprotectin.
Cardioprotective Potentials of Anacardium occidentale Nuts Methanolic Extract in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats
Published on: 15th May, 2024
Background: The unwanted adverse toxicity displayed by synthetic antidiabetic medicine leads to the search for effective natural medicine to combat diabetes complications. This study investigated the cardioprotective of Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Forty male adult Wistar were used and fed with HFD for 6 weeks before diabetes induction. The rats were grouped into 5 groups, 8 rats/group. Group I: normal control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III & IV: diabetic rats + 100 mg/kgb.wt & 200 mg/kgb.wt Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic extract; Group V: diabetic rats + 200 mg/kgb.wt metformin. The rats were sacrificed on the experiment’s last day, blood samples were collected and the hearts were isolated for biochemical parameters estimation.Results: Food intake, water intake, plasmas insulin, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cardiac enzymes, lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, fibrotic marker, caspase-3 in cardiac of diabetic rats were elevated (p < 0.05) significantly. Body weight, cardiac antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic marker levels diminished (p < 0.05) significantly in diabetic rats. 100 mg/kgb.wt & 200 mg/kgb.wt of Anacardium occidentale nuts methanolic extract administration significantly suppressed the plasma insulin, FBG, HbA1c, cardiac lipid profile, cardiac enzymes biomarker, cardiac inflammatory cytokines, cardiac malondialdehyde, cardiac fibrotic marker, cardiac caspase-3, food intake & water intake and increased the body weight, cardiac antioxidant & cardiac anti-apoptotic marker in the diabetic rats.Conclusion: Anacardium occidentale nuts attenuate cardiac injury in diabetes. It could be a natural medicine to manage diabetes-cardiovascular complications.
The Effects of Interval and Traditional Resistance Exercise on Hormonal Control of Adipose-tissue Lipolysis in Healthy Young Men
Published on: 11th July, 2024
Purpose: Lipolysis is regulated by lipolytic hormones, like insulin, cortisol, growth Hormone (GH), and catecholamines. Unregulated lipolysis results in the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), leading to dysfunction of cells and death. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine the effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on hormonal control of adipose-tissue lipolysis in healthy young men.Methods: Twelve healthy males (Mean ± SD; age, 25.5 ± 3.1 years; Body mass index, 24.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2) performed tradition resistance exercise (TRE) at 80% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) with 2 min passive recovery, and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) trial at 60% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) followed by active recovery (1 set of 6 repetitions at 20% of 1RM). Three blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise, and after one-hour recovery and were analyzed to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and GH. Results: Statistical analyses of the data revealed that concentrations of cortisol and GH increased in response to resistance exercise and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during the recovery period. Although there were no significant differences between the two protocols for cortisol concentration, GH increases following IRE were profoundly higher than TRE protocol. Epinephrine and norepinephrine increased (p < 0.05) in response to both resistance exercise trials, though, no between-group differences were found for these variables. Conclusion: The results of our study showed increases in GH, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in two resistance exercise protocols which may lead to increases in fat oxidation.
Accessory Splenic Mass Masquerading as Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Published on: 10th July, 2024
The spleen plays a pivotal role in our immune system by facilitating the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes and monocytes. Typically located in the left upper quadrant retroperitoneally, splenic tissue found outside of its usual position is termed ectopic spleen. When the tissue maintains its histological architecture and encapsulation and receives blood supply from splanchnic vessels, it is called an accessory spleen. Although it commonly presents near the splenic hilum or pancreatic tail, rare instances have been reported in the gastric, liver, gastrosplenic/lienorenal ligaments, as well as thoracic and gonadal regions. However, the case of an accessory spleen, mimicking a hepatic lesion in the right diaphragm represents a novel observation.
Beta-1 Receptor (β1) in the Heart Specific Indicate to Stereoselectivity
Published on: 10th July, 2024
The β1 receptor is one of the three beta receptors present in the human body, namely β1, β2, and β3. The β1 receptor is predominantly located in the heart, where it plays a crucial role in regulating the heart rate and the force of contraction, thereby increasing the cardiac output and the efficiency of blood pumping throughout the body. This receptor is targeted by a variety of pharmaceutical agents known as beta-blockers, which are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.The β1 receptor exhibits stereoselectivity, meaning that different enantiomers (chiral molecules) of beta blockers can have varying levels of effectiveness and side effects. This study focuses on the stereoselectivity of the β1 receptor and the clinical implications of this property. It includes an examination of various β1 blockers, such as propranolol (a non-selective beta blocker), and selective β1 blockers like atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol, esmolol, acebutolol, and betaxolol. Each of these drugs has a unique chemical structure, with specific functional groups that contribute to their selective action on the β1 receptor.Furthermore, the β2 receptor, which is mainly present in the bronchi and bronchioles, is responsible for bronchodilation, and the β3 receptor, found in the bladder, helps reduce urinary urgency. Understanding the distinct locations and functions of these receptors allows for the development of targeted therapies with minimal off-target effects.This review highlights the importance of stereoselectivity in the development and use of β1 blockers, discussing their chemical structures, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic uses. It also explores the potential for future research and development of more selective and effective β1 receptor agonists and antagonists, which could offer improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.This study underscores the significant role of the β1 receptor in cardiovascular health and provides insights into the ongoing advancements in beta-blocker therapy. By delving into the stereoselectivity and specific actions of these drugs, the research aims to enhance the understanding and optimization of β1 receptor-targeted treatments in clinical practice.
B-ultrasound-guided Intrahepatic Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow Cells for Decompensated Cirrhosis
Published on: 12th July, 2024
Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of B-ultrasound-guided intrahepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells on decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: To observe the clinical treatment of 75 cases of decompensated cirrhosis. Among them, 30 cases received routine liver protection and diuretic treatment. 45 cases were treated by percutaneous transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells under the guidance of B ultrasound. There were no significant differences in liver function and blood routine indexes between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). Results: The indexes of liver function and blood routine at different time periods of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months in the conventional treatment group did not change significantly. 6 cases died of liver failure within 1 year, the fatality rate was 20%. The indexes of liver function and blood routine of percutaneous liver transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months under the guidance of B-ultrasound were significantly better than those of the conventional treatment group (p < 0.05). One case died of gastrointestinal bleeding in the group of percutaneous transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells guided by B ultrasound, with a fatality rate of 2.5%. Compared with the conventional treatment group, there were significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Conventional drug therapy has no obvious effect on decompensated cirrhosis. Intrahepatic infusion of bone marrow nucleated cells can significantly promote liver function reconstruction in decompensated cirrhosis.
Screening for BK Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients at Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital
Published on: 25th July, 2024
After kidney transplantation, BK polyomavirus reactivation can manifest as nephropathy in 1% to 10% of patients. PCR testing of urine and blood is commonly used to screen for BK polyomavirus nephropathy. The study aims to detect BK virus infection in kidney transplant patients to prevent tubulointerstitial nephropathy and graft loss. This retrospective study includes 26 patients who underwent kidney transplants between January 2019 and December 2023. We diagnosed BK virus infection by performing real-time PCR on blood and urine samples. BKV DNA was detected in 3 patients. Reducing immunosuppressive therapy led to negative PCR results and favorable clinical and biological outcomes in these 3 patients.
Required Elements for Next-generation Prognostic Index beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure
Published on: 12th August, 2024
Many reports are showing no differences in prognosis between patients with Heart Failure (HF) with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. All-in-one analysis with a multivariable model, including clinical characteristics, blood test, comorbidity, and echocardiographic indices, on clinical outcomes in patients with HF has not been performed rarely in previous studies. We have to accept the need to be more comprehensive in the outcome analysis of patients with HF and consider the intricate interplay of multiple variables in patient outcomes.
Investigation of Stain Patterns from Diverse Blood Samples on Various Surfaces
Published on: 12th August, 2024
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is a crucial forensic technique in crime scene investigation, employing the interpretation of blood spatter patterns to reconstruct event sequences and determine spatial relationships between victims and surfaces. This study explores BPA’s application in forensic science, emphasizing its role in establishing links between crimes and culprits, as posited by Edmond Locard’s exchange principle. The research examines how bloodstain shape, size, and distribution reveal critical information about impact angles, areas of convergence, and points of origin, while also providing insights into blood flow direction, force applied, suspect positioning, and weapons used. The investigation delves into various bloodstain types, including void patterns, spikes, and satellite stains, and their formation on different surfaces. To enhance understanding of blood behaviour from various sources, the study compares blood samples from three species: human (Homo sapiens), obtained from a professional doctor from discarded piles with precaution from a government hospital in Laxmangarh, Rajasthan and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), and chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), obtained from butcher shops in Laxmangarh, Rajasthan. The experimental setup involves dropping blood from a height of 50 centimetre’s and measuring the resulting stain dimensions. This comprehensive approach to BPA research aims to refine crime scene analysis techniques, ultimately contributing to more accurate event reconstructions and enhanced forensic investigations. The study underscores the importance of BPA in modern forensic science while acknowledging the need for its integration with other investigative methods to ensure robust and reliable crime scene interpretations.
Contrast Echocardiography for the Detection of a Giant Right Coronary Artery Aneurysm: A Useful Diagnostic Tool
Published on: 22nd August, 2024
Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon condition defined as abnormal dilatation of the coronary artery.We report the case of a man admitted to the Emergency Department for suspected intestinal obstruction. At abdominal/thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) it was reported a suspected pericardial cyst. Contrast echocardiography showed a clear pattern of blood flow inside the mass with a probable origin at a very limited region where it was also possible to sample an ECG-synchronized system-diastolic Pulse-Wave (PW)-Doppler pattern, typical for a coronary artery flow. Our suspicion of a giant coronary artery aneurysm was then confirmed by coronary CT and coronary angiography. The patient was transferred to a Cardiac Surgery center where he underwent surgical treatment for the aneurysm.Most coronary aneurysms are clinically silent and are often incidentally detected. Coronary angiography is the ‘‘gold standard’’ for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery aneurysms. Among non-invasive diagnostic techniques, Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography is the best method for coronary artery anatomy and coronary abnormalities. However, echocardiography with the use of a contrast agent, a cost-effective non-radiation nature, and a widespread use method, maybe a reliable method to detect and characterize the masses, allowing a differential diagnosis.Learning objective1. Recognition and evaluation of cardiac masses require first-line imaging methods such as echocardiography.2. The use of additional non-invasive (cardiac CT or MRI) and/or invasive imaging methods are often required. 3. Contrast echocardiography may be helpful, as second-line imaging methods, to better characterize the mass and approach the correct diagnosis.
Linagliptin Efficacy on Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Published on: 29th August, 2024
Background: Linagliptin is an anti-diabetic drug that claims no adverse effects and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) demands a safe anti-diabetic medication. Therefore, this study investigates the anti-diabetic efficacy of linagliptin in an induced GDM.Materials and methods: Thirty-two matured female rats (100 - 200 g) were utilized. Sixteen non-pregnant/diabetic animals were fed with a normal diet and sixteen rats were fed with a high-fat (HFD), mated at the estrous stage in 2:1, and pregnancy was confirmed with a spermatozoa in a vaginal smear. The pregnant rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose (30 mg/kgb. wt)of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce GDM. The animals were grouped into 4 groups, 8 rats/groups. Group I: control; Group II: control + 10 mg/kgb.wt linagliptin; Group III: GDM; Group IV: GDM + 10 mg/kgb.wt linagliptin. The animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. Blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters.Results: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels significant (p < 0.05) elevated in GDM rats, with significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Linagliptin administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the FBG, insulin, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and ameliorates the HDL-C, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels significantly.Conclusion: Linagliptin remarkably showed anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Linagliptin could be a promising drug for hyperglycemia treatment during gestation.
Poor Diet Leading to the Increasing Risk of Atherosclerosis in the World
Published on: 3rd September, 2024
Atherosclerosis Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease (ASICD), one of the leading causes of global deaths, is mainly caused due to the development of plaque on the inner walls of arteries of the human heart. Ischemia refers to the lack of enough oxygen (O2), nutrient delivery, and improper waste removal in the cardiac cells. About 90% of cardiovascular diseases in the present world are due to the formation of lipid/cholesterol-based plaques that can form under the lining of the smooth epithelial blood cells. In the US, a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology estimated that poor diet is responsible for about 45% of Cardiovascular Disease. Atherosclerosis doesn’t cause much effect until and unless the plaque becomes unstable due to the accumulation of thrombus that shows Acute Coronary Syndrome. Acute Coronary Syndrome is the result of blockage of blood vessels leading to Myocardial Infarction (Unstable Angina Pectoris). Cardiac Cells require a sufficient amount of Oxygen to function properly. Thus, the demand and supply of oxygen to the cardiac cells should be properly balanced. Atherosclerosis Ischemic Cardiovascular syndrome can worsen if the person is more involved in exercise or emotional stress because at that time their body requires higher oxygen but blood flow gets disrupted due to the formation of plague. Later in the paper, we will discuss the New York Heart Association classification, followed by the top 3 poor diets that are considered to be increasing the cases of cardiovascular disease around the world.
Neuroprotective Effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in a Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Published on: 18th September, 2024
Treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains elusive. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), an analog of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a high-affinity TrkB agonist, has been proposed as a viable therapeutic alternative to BDNF in crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and promoting growth, differentiation, maintenance, and survival of neurons. Here, we expand on our previous study investigating the therapeutic role of DHF on the cortical and hippocampal brain regions of the Tg26 mice, an animal model of HAND. We detected increased immunoreactivity for ion channels (SUR1, TRPM4) and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), suggesting an ionic and osmotic imbalance in the brains of Tg26 mice. Tg26 mice also exhibited loss of synaptic stability (SYN, SYP) and nicotinamide metabolism (NAMPT, SIRT1) that were associated with astrogliosis. Furthermore, Tg26 mice demonstrated increased iNOS and reduced HO-1/NRF2 expressions, implicating increased ER and oxidative stress. DHF treatment in Tg26 mice reversed these pathological changes. These data suggest crosstalk among TrkB, Akt, and related transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT3, and NRF2) as an underlying mechanism of Tg26-associated pathology in the brain. Finally, taken together with our prior study, these results further highlight a therapeutic role of DHF in promoting neuroprotection in HAND that may be applied in conjunction with current antiviral therapies.
Neurovascular Shifts, Sensory Sensitivity, and PMDD in Autistic Women: Exploring Blood Flow Redirection, Mood Dysregulation, and Pain Tolerance during Menstruation
Published on: 30th September, 2024
This article examines the relationship between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), neurovascular dynamics, and sensory sensitivities in autistic women during menstruation. The redirection of blood flow to the uterus during the menstrual cycle has been found to exacerbate cerebral perfusion deficits in neurodivergent individuals, particularly in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), which contributes to the mood dysregulation and emotional instability characteristic of PMDD. Autistic women, who often exhibit heightened sensory sensitivities, experience intensified discomfort during menstruation, as sensory overload and altered pain perception compound the emotional challenges of PMDD. These findings emphasize the need for neurodivergent-friendly menstrual products that mitigate both physical and emotional discomfort. Additionally, innovations using biodegradable materials, smart fabrics, and custom-fit menstrual solutions are discussed as potential breakthroughs to improve the quality of life for autistic women managing PMDD. This research highlights the importance of addressing both neurobiological and sensory aspects when designing interventions for PMDD in neurodivergent populations.
A Rare Case of Uvulitis Following Endotracheal Intubation Using C- Mac Videolaryngoscope and How To Avoid It
Published on: 1st October, 2024
Uvular injuries are uncommon after general anesthesia and can result from direct trauma to the posterior part of the soft palate or compression and restriction of blood flow to the uvula caused by the inadvertent placement of the airway or suction devices in the oral cavity. There have been cases of inflammation and ulceration occurring in the midline oropharyngeal structures such as the uvula after general anesthesia with a tube or laryngeal mask airway, even in the absence of direct trauma or infection, presumably due to compression ischemia. While sore throat following general anesthesia is a common symptom, it is important to evaluate any severe or persistent pain to exclude uvulitis. Here we present a case of uvulitis that developed after the insertion of a flexometallic endotracheal tube using the midline technique during C-Mac video laryngoscopy. We also emphasize the measures that can be implemented to prevent such a complication. The entrapment of the uvula during intubation often goes unnoticed due to limited oral space after insertion of the video laryngoscope blade, with the intubating anesthetist staying focused on the monitor. This complication following the use of a C-Mac video laryngoscope has not been previously documented.
Advances in Physiological Research: Consideration on Arterial Hypercapnia in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (ACPE)
Published on: 24th October, 2024
The causes of hypercapnia in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema are still unknown. Our hypothesis recognizes an alteration of the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the apical areas of the lung as the major cause. The redistribution of blood to the apical lung zone in hypertensive pulmonary circulation determines an excess of perfusion compared to ventilation and consequently hypercapnia. Our suggestion might be in favor of Bilevel-PAP over Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) as the first line of therapy.
Scientific Analysis of Eucharistic Miracles: Importance of a Standardization in Evaluation
Published on: 13th November, 2024
Numerous instances of consecrated communion wafers turning into human tissue and blood have been reported throughout history and the contemporary international media, referred to as Eucharistic miracles. Various suggestions have been put forth to explain such phenomena, ranging from miraculous to natural. Here, a novel demonstration is provided showing that the appearance of a bleeding host can occur by placing ordinary, non-consecrated wafers under similar conditions as described for many of these events. Using basic forensic methods, distinctions between ensuant reddish areas and genuine blood were noted. In previous studies with miracle wafers, isolated DNA was resistant to amplification with human-specific primers, which has been attributed to its divine nature. The current study shows that multiple types of non-human DNA existed in unconsecrated wafers, providing an alternative explanation for such findings. Finally, a minimal protocol of scientific examination is outlined to aid in the standardization of such investigations in the future, including a distinctive approach to authenticate the genuine shared origin of such occurrences.
Human Performance Augmenting Drugs and Technologies
Published on: 19th November, 2024
In many sectors, ranging from sports and military operations to professional settings (notably cognitive enhancement); human performance augmentation has been an enduring ambition. The idea behind this movement, known as human enhancement, has evolved over time from simple means of training to the improvement or augmentation of physical ability through recent developments in fields such as pharmaceuticals and implantable devices that can enhance natural abilities. They span from pharmaceutical agents to wearable technologies used for sophisticated self-experimentation, which offer promise but also present ethical, health, and societal risks Performance-Enhancing Drugs are used to enhance the performance of humans in one way or another as a basic idea. The categories of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) included are Stimulants: Stimulant drugs, including amphetamines and caffeine (in the form of coffee) have been used for thousands of endeavours and physical stamina for decades. There have been many sources of controversy in the sporting world due to use or misuse and side-effectual restrictions. The release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and allowing muscles to grow big, and fast. Nevertheless, the consumption of anabolic steroids is strictly controlled because it has side effects and complications such as liver damage, hormonal imbalances, and greater aggression. Erythropoietin EPO is a hormone that produces red blood cells, and increased oxygen delivery to muscle. EPO Athletes and even more notably endurance athletes (such as cyclists) have a storied history of abusing this performance-enhancing agent to build stamina. However, the misuse of this drug can be very hazardous, as it causes complications such as blood clotting and heart issues.
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