Efficiency, Effectiveness and Clinical Results of Extracorporeal Therapies in Non-Renal Settings: How are they to be evaluated? The Case of their Application in Liver Failure
Published on: 20th February, 2024
There are various Extra Blood Purification Therapies (EBPTs) used in the context of critical care, including but not limited to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). These therapies aim to remove toxins, inflammatory mediators, and excess fluids from the bloodstream. While some blood purification therapies were initially developed for renal support, they have been explored for use in other medical conditions as well, including liver pathologies and sepsis. Here is a brief explanation of some therapies such as MARS (Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System), Prometheus, CPFA (Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption), PAP (Plasma Adsorption), and SPAD (Single-Pass Albumin Dialysis). Some of these therapies have entered clinical use, while others have faced challenges, such as negative evidence, poor purifying efficacy, or difficulties in practical use. The field of extracorporeal liver support is dynamic, with ongoing developments aimed at improving the effectiveness and practicality of these therapies. Sorbents mark the latest frontiers in blood purification to remove various toxic molecules, with specific emphasis on the modulation of bilirubin and other substances in critically ill patients suffering from liver failure. In the above-mentioned pathologies, substances may be continuously generated within the body, and Mass Balance is the only valuable tool for distinguishing between generation and removal processes. The effectiveness of sorbents in removing bilirubin and bile acids, as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, distinguishes them and shows their superiority over traditional liver cleansing methods, such as CPFA, PAP, SPAD, Prometheus, and MARS.
Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence Governance; A Model for Regulating a High-risk Categories and Applications in Clinical Pathology: The Evidence and some Concerns
Published on: 18th March, 2024
The Canadian healthcare system, grappling with issues like systemic and intelligently established structural anti-black racism, including indigenous nations; even within Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Communities: and deteriorating outcomes, sees potential in AI to address challenges, though concerns exist regarding exacerbating discriminatory practices. In clinical pathology, AI demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy compared to pathologists in a study, emphasizing its potential to improve healthcare. However, AI governance is crucial to navigating ethical, legal, and societal concerns. The Royal College of Physicians of Canada acknowledges the transformative impact of AI in healthcare but stresses the need for responsible AI tools co-developed by diverse teams. Despite positive attitudes towards AI in healthcare, concerns about patient safety, privacy, and autonomy highlight the necessity for comprehensive education, engagement, and collaboration. Legal concerns, including liability and regulation, pose challenges, emphasizing the need for a robust regulatory framework. AI application in healthcare is categorized as high-risk, demanding stringent regulation to ensure safety, efficacy, and fairness. A parallel is drawn to drug regulation processes, suggesting a similar approach for AI. The lack of transparency in AI-based decision-making raises ethical questions, necessitating measures to address biases and ensure patient privacy. Social accountability is crucial to prevent AI from exacerbating health disparities and harming marginalized communities. In conclusion, while AI offers potential benefits in clinical pathology, a cautious approach with comprehensive governance measures is essential to mitigate risks and ensure ethical AI integration into healthcare.
A General Evaluation of the Cellular Role in Drug Release: A Clinical Review Study
Published on: 26th March, 2024
Cells have emerged as highly promising vehicles for delivering drugs due to their unique advantages. They have the ability to bypass immune recognition, navigate biological barriers, and reach difficult-to-access tissues through sensing and active movement. Over the past couple of decades, extensive research has been conducted to understand how cell carriers can overcome biological barriers and influence drug effectiveness. This has resulted in the development of engineered cells for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues. Despite the presence of exciting developments, a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential strategies is necessary for the effective clinical application of cell-based drug carriers. This review provides an overview of recent progress and novel concepts in cell-based drug carriers, as well as their potential for translation into clinical practice. Additionally, we delve into important factors and emerging strategies for designing the next generation of cell-based delivery technologies, with a particular emphasis on achieving greater accuracy and targeted drug administration.
Persistent Lumbar Pain and Fever: Osteomyelitis as Diagnosis Challenge
Published on: 28th March, 2024
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges associated with osteomyelitis in patients presenting with persistent lumbar pain and fever.Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study, reviewing four cases of osteomyelitis diagnosed at our hospital’s Emergency Department in 2022. Data on patient demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.Findings: The cases included middle-aged to elderly men, with predisposing factors such as urological interventions and immunodeficiency. Imaging studies, particularly CT-scan and MRI, were instrumental in diagnosing lumbar spondylodiscitis. Biopsies revealed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and treatment responses were positive in all cases after eight months of follow-up. The study highlights the importance of considering osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of lumbar pain and fever, necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration for timely management.
A Prospective Observational Study on Neurotoxicity of Chemotherapy - A Critical Analysis
Published on: 2nd April, 2024
Background: Cancer treatment frequently depends on the intricate and potent effects that are acknowledged for their potential to save lives. Chemotherapy can have adverse effects on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, posing significant challenges.Objective: • To assess the causative agent, development, and timing of occurrence.• To improve management of neurological complications.• To discriminate the iatrogenic effects of cancer therapy and neurological progression.Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in a hospital setting, focusing on the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients over a span of six months. The research involved participants from both the oncology in-patient and daycare departments. After obtaining informed consent, individuals in the study population were interviewed to gather information about any neurological symptoms they encountered following their chemotherapy sessions.Results and discussion: Within our study population, a predominant 67% comprised female patients, while male patients constituted 33%. Of the total participants, 66% reported experiencing neurological symptoms. Among these symptoms, the majority of patients encountered sensations such as tingling, numbness, and a burning sensation. Other reported symptoms included headaches, distal weakness, myalgia, seizures, and ataxia.Conclusion: In this current study, 66% of the study population encountered neurological side effects. Generally, the presence of comorbidities, vitamin deficiencies, and advanced age can significantly contribute to the development of peripheral neuropathy. Depending on the severity of neuropathy, recommendations for interventions include the prescription of vitamin supplements, calcium supplements, duloxetine, and pregabalin.
Examining the Effects of High Poverty and Unemployment on Rural Urban Migration in Nigeria and its Consequences on Urban Resources and Rural Decline
Published on: 2nd April, 2024
This study examines the intricate interplay among poverty, unemployment, education, and rural-urban migration in Nigeria, employing both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, computing descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression analysis. Quantitative findings reveal income inequality, with many individuals earning below average. Education emerges as a key determinant of economic opportunities, with higher education associated with better outcomes. Moreover, poverty and unemployment exhibit a strong positive correlation with adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Qualitative insights delve into the motivations behind rural-urban migration, shedding light on the economic drivers compelling individuals to seek opportunities in urban areas. Participants’ narratives uncover the challenges faced by migrants, from housing to accessing essential services. Additionally, the role of remittances in sustaining sending communities is highlighted, underscoring their significance. This study underscores the multidimensionality of poverty, unemployment, and migration and emphasizes the need for holistic, evidence-based approaches to promote inclusive development. Recommendations include investments in education, job creation, social safety nets, income inequality reduction, and support for migrant integration. These measures can contribute to equitable economic growth and improved well-being in Nigeria.
Approaching Mental Health Through a Preventive Data Analysis Platform
Published on: 3rd April, 2024
The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the aging population globally are diminishing the overall quality of life, especially for those with demanding daily routines. As medical advancements extend lifespans, the proportion of individuals over 60 is set to double by 2050, necessitating societal shifts toward health-responsible citizenship. Despite longer lifespans, evidence suggests that older age often accompanies mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and substance misuse. Social isolation and loneliness further compound these issues, affecting both physical and mental well-being. Digital wellness empowers individuals to take charge of their health, promoting proactive care and literacy to foster health-conscious citizenship. This paper explores the intersection of mental health, aging populations, preventive wellness initiatives, and health literacy, emphasizing their significance within the Health 5.0 framework, especially for older adults. Traditionally, health regulators offer static workflows for adopting standard procedures in health and well-being, reflecting a reactive approach. However, the evolving landscape of wearable and mobile devices connecting to healthcare IT systems through secure online networks necessitates a shift. Technology now facilitates remote patient monitoring and telemedicine service subscriptions and empowers individuals to manage their health proactively.The BE4YOU project, conducted in Portugal, serves as a case study, facilitating individual maintenance of health and well-being through intelligent and dynamic workflows, which are defined based on analytical models considering each person’s risk profile. By facilitating data sharing, promoting healthy lifestyles, and enabling early detection of mental health issues, the project leverages technology to support personalized monitoring and enhance overall health outcomes. Through technology-driven empowerment, individuals and healthcare professionals are better equipped to assess risks and ensure ongoing wellness monitoring, underscoring the role of technology in fostering personal health and supporting healthcare effectiveness.
Unlocking the Transformative Power of Synthetic Biology
Published on: 18th April, 2024
Artificial Intelligence (AI) combined with Synthetic Biology has the potential to change the way we approach medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing. AI automates tasks, optimizes experimental designs, and predicts biological behaviours, resulting in more efficient design and engineering of biological systems. However, there are challenges such as data limitations, interpretability issues, and ethical considerations like biosafety and biosecurity concerns that need to be addressed. AI can be used to analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns. This has led to successful applications of AI in high-throughput screening and biomanufacturing, which can drive innovation and address critical challenges. AI-powered closed-loop systems for real-time monitoring and control of biological processes also show promise in providing real-time feedback and optimizing systems on the fly. Despite these advancements, it's important to consider ethical implications to ensure the responsible development and application of AI in synthetic biology. Proper consideration of challenges and ethical considerations can help leverage the power of AI to drive innovation and tackle pressing societal challenges. Overall, the potential of AI in synthetic biology is significant. By addressing challenges and ethical considerations, we can use them effectively to solve pressing problems.
Advancing Oral Health and Craniofacial Science through Microchip Implants
Published on: 25th April, 2024
Microchip implants have emerged as transformative tools in the realm of oral health and craniofacial science, offering novel solutions to longstanding challenges. This paper aims to explore the diverse applications of microchip technology in dentistry and craniofacial medicine, envisioning a future where these implants play a pivotal role in diagnostics, treatment modalities, and ongoing patient care. The integration of microchips enables real-time monitoring of oral conditions, facilitating early detection of dental issues and providing personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, these implants open avenues for smart prosthetics and orthodontic devices, optimizing patient comfort and treatment outcomes. However, ethical considerations, patient perceptions, and the societal impact of such technology should also be addressed. By examining the multifaceted implications and applications of microchip implants in oral health and craniofacial science, this research overview seeks to contribute valuable insights to the intersection of technology and healthcare in the dental domain.
The Impact of Telerehabilitation on Physical Therapy Services in Rural Communities
Published on: 3rd May, 2024
Telerehabilitation is a transformative approach to physical therapy, revolutionizing the accessibility of healthcare in rural communities through the strategic use of Telecommunications technology. This novel approach has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of healthcare delivery, particularly considering the critical challenges posed by geographical isolation and resource scarcity. This paper explores the multifaceted benefits of Telerehabilitation, including increased access to care and reduced costs, alongside the challenges of technological barriers and privacy considerations. It provides a comprehensive overview of Telerehabilitation’s impact on rural healthcare, emphasizing its capacity to optimize patient outcomes and proposing strategies for effective implementation. The findings of this study suggest that the use of technology to deliver telecare is a key means of delivering equitable healthcare to underserved populations, a promising way to improve access to rural physiotherapy services address the challenge of telehealth resources, and promote the long-term sustainability of rural Telerehabilitation practices.
Renal Tuberculosis: A Case History that makes or Breaks the Case, Nothing is more Deceptive
Published on: 29th April, 2024
This manuscript presents a compelling case of renal tuberculosis in a 15-year-old male, elucidating the intricate diagnostic hurdles and strategic management approaches encountered. The patient initially presented with nonspecific symptoms, including intermittent low-grade fever, weight loss, fatigue, and diffuse skin rashes, which were initially managed as suspected enteric fever. However, as the patient’s condition deteriorated, a comprehensive diagnostic exploration revealed renal tuberculosis. The report meticulously outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic trajectory, emphasizing the enigmatic nature of symptoms and advocating for a multidimensional diagnostic paradigm integrating clinical, radiological, microbiological, and histopathological assessments.Furthermore, this case report provides a comprehensive review of urogenital tuberculosis, discussing its epidemiological underpinnings, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic tenets. It underscores the paramount significance of early recognition and prompt initiation of treatment in forestalling complications and optimizing patient outcomes.This case report enriches the medical discourse by shedding light on the diagnostic intricacies and therapeutic imperatives pertinent to renal tuberculosis, especially in the younger demographic. We believe that the findings will contribute significantly to the understanding and management of this disease.
Fatal Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Myocarditis Mimicking Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy in a 54-year-old Woman with Metastatic Melanoma
Published on: 4th June, 2024
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes, but cardiovascular complications such as ICI-associated myocarditis are a major concern. Diagnosing myocarditis requires integrating biomarkers, electrocardiogram (EKG), cardiac imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. We present a case illustrating these diagnostic challenges, involving a female patient treated with pembrolizumab who developed fatal acute myocarditis mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy.Case report: A 54-year-old woman with mucosal melanoma, treated with pembrolizumab, was hospitalized in May 2023 due to dyspnea and elevated troponin levels. Initial cardiac workups were normal, but subsequent tests revealed borderline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. In late May 2023, the patient was admitted with worsening dyspnea, elevated NT-pro-BNP, and severe hyperlactatemia. Imaging and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed acute myocarditis with atypical presentation, mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, resulting in cardiogenic shock and death seven days post-admission.Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic and management challenges of ICI-associated myocarditis, particularly with atypical presentations. It highlights the need for vigilant, comprehensive monitoring and further research to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing these severe side effects in patients undergoing ICI therapy.
Bridging the Gap: Challenges and Solutions in Online Nephrology Education
Published on: 11th June, 2024
The outbreak of COVID-19 has created an unprecedented situation that has accelerated online education in areas like nephrology, which are traditionally served by onsite training. Efforts to educate clinicians remotely provide convenience and flexibility but may leave many open questions when it comes to how well-trained professionals maybe after completing their programs online. This review paper has emphasized the deleterious effects of online nephrology education and identified a number of ways in which it can be problematic such as lack of hands-on training, less patient interface, lack of proper supervision, and inconsistent quality of programs. The ability to make a difference, however, is further restricted by technological barriers and resource constraints. Whilst these programs tend to focus on creating knowledgeable graduates, they often fail to provide the clinical exposure necessary for preparedness. Hybrid programs - which combine online courses with clinical training in person are required to deliver high-quality nephrology care.
Forensic Analysis of WhatsApp: A Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Published on: 18th June, 2024
WhatsApp, a widely used instant messaging application, has become a valuable source of digital evidence in forensic investigations. This review article explores the forensic analysis techniques, challenges, and future directions associated with WhatsApp. It covers the extraction and analysis of data from various sources, including mobile devices, cloud backups, and network traffic. The article discusses the challenges faced by forensic examiners, such as encryption, data volatility, and the need for proper validation of tools. It also highlights the importance of keeping up with the latest updates and changes in WhatsApp’s features and security measures. The future directions for WhatsApp forensics are explored, focusing on the development of more advanced and efficient analysis techniques, the need for standardization, and the importance of international cooperation in addressing cross-border investigations. This review provides insights for forensic examiners, researchers, and legal professionals involved in cases requiring WhatsApp evidence.
Exophthalmos Revealing a Spheno Temporo Orbital Meningioma
Published on: 18th June, 2024
Intracranial meningiomas are usually non-cancerous tumors that develop from arachnoid cells in the meningeal envelope. However, there are rare forms called intraosseous meningiomas, which present unique challenges for diagnosis and treatment. In this report, we describe a rare case of a giant sphenotemporal meningioma in a 72-year-old male with diabetes. The patient experienced progressive exophthalmos and visual impairment over a period of five months. Radiological imaging confirmed the diagnosis, showing extensive infiltration into the infra-temporal region. Histopathological examination confirmed a plaque-type meningothelial meningioma. The patient underwent surgical management, which involved maxillofacial surgery. Intraosseous meningiomas are rare but are increasingly being recognized, accounting for about two percent of all meningiomas. The spheno-orbital region is a common site for these tumors. Histologically, there are various subtypes, with meningothelial meningioma being the most common. The differential diagnosis includes Paget’s disease and osteomas. The optimal treatment approach involves extensive surgical resection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for any remaining or symptomatic tumors. The prognosis depends on the extent of resection and tumor progression, underscoring the importance of regular monitoring. Early intervention is crucial to preserve visual function and achieve favorable outcomes.
Lived Experiences of Cervical Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Published on: 28th June, 2024
Background: Cervical Cancer poses a significant global health challenge, especially in lowresource settings. It is a significant health problem worldwide, with over half a million new cases diagnosed each year, accounting for approximately 6.6% of all gynecological Cancer cases and over 300,000 deaths each year. In Zambia, it is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women. The number of cases has increased by approximately 40%. This study explored the lived experiences of Cervical Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, focusing on their subjective experiences. By examining their journeys through chemotherapy, the study aimed to highlight the subtle complexities in which treatment impacts patients’ lives and well-being. Methods and procedures: Employing a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants with diverse demographics. The sample size was determined by data saturation and saturation was reached at 10. Ethical protocols were ensured, and Study approval was obtained from UNZABREC and the National Health Research Authority. Thematic analysis was conducted on audio-recorded interviews with cervical cancer patients, ensuring confidentiality and accuracy while discerning significant patterns and themes in their narratives. Results/findings: Emotional experiences ranged from anxiety to gratitude. Psychological challenges encompassed coping mechanisms, stress management, emotional adjustments, and treatment-related fears. Socially, community support, workplace accommodations, and healthcare provider roles were key. Physical experiences revealed side effects managed through coping strategies. Financial challenges significantly impacted individuals and families. Conclusions and recommendations: The study revealed that cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy face complex challenges spanning emotional, psychological, social, physical, and financial domains, underscoring the imperative for comprehensive patient-centered care. Recommendations suggest focusing on financial aid for cancer patients and tackling treatment expenses and insurance issues. The Cancer Diseases Hospital should establish multidisciplinary teams for holistic care, and enhance patient education efforts. Nurses should adopt strategies integrating cultural competence and patient-centered care to address diverse challenges during chemotherapy. These aim to enhance the well-being and care quality of Cervical Cancer patients.
Development and Evaluation of a mHealth app - (ReMiT-MS app) for Rehabilitation of Individuals with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis - A Mixed Methods, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Study Protocol
Published on: 3rd July, 2024
Background: Delaying or slowing functional loss is a valuable goal of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation. The mHealth app-based exercise rehabilitation intervention is expected to overcome barriers related to routine care of MS. Due to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, they offer an excellent opportunity for remote monitoring, scheduled interaction with experts, and instruction for exercise in a home environment. Challenges in MS routine care include forgotten rehabilitation steps, limited access to local MS experts, and internal barriers such as low health literacy, mobility limitations, and fatigue, alongside external obstacles like service availability and transport costs.Objectives: To develop a mHealth app that is user-centered and context-specific for rehabilitation of MS symptoms, and to evaluate its clinical and cost effectiveness in individuals with RRMS.Methods: The proposed research will be conducted in two phases; the first phase (Phase 1a) will be focused on the development of mHealth app content (ReMiT-MS app trial I). The pilot phase (Phase 1b), where a prototype of the application will be designed, and its usability will be evaluated. Finally, in the second phase (Phase 2), the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the ReMiT-MS app for the rehabilitation of individuals with RRMS will be evaluated (ReMiT-MS app trial II).Conclusion: The findings of this proposed trial may provide a telerehabilitation platform for individuals with RRMS in a resource-limited setting and establish a low-cost healthcare delivery model. In addition, the results of this research work might open a new window in healthcare delivery in India and similar settings.Trial registration: CTRI/2022/09/045266 [Registered on 06/09/2022]
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: AI Insights
Published on: 25th June, 2024
Microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and its microbial populations with the central nervous system (CNS). This complex system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and has significant implications for mental health. The human gut has trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed gut microbiota, which play important roles in digestion, immune function, and production of various metabolites. Some current research shows that these microorganisms strongly influence the brain function and behaviour of individuals, forming the basis of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The communication between gut microbiota and the brain occurs via multiple pathways: neural pathway (e.g., vagus nerve), endocrine pathway (e.g., hormone production), immune pathway (e.g., inflammation modulation), and metabolic pathway (e.g., production of short-chain fatty acids). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbiota, has been linked to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, etc, offering new perspectives on their etiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in interpreting the complexities of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, enable the integration and analysis of large, multifaceted datasets, uncovering patterns and correlations that can be avoided by traditional methods. These techniques enable predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and understanding of underlying biological mechanisms, enhancing research efficiency and covering ways for personalized therapeutic approaches. The application of AI in microbiome research has provided valuable insights into mental health conditions. AI models have identified specific gut bacteria linked to disease, offered predictive models, and discovered distinct microbiome signatures associated with specific diseases. Integrating AI with microbiome research holds promise for revolutionizing mental health care, offering new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Challenges remain, but the potential benefits of AI-driven insights into microbiome-gut-brain interactions are immense and offer hope for innovative treatments and preventative measures to improve mental health outcomes.
Experiences of Consumers on the Health Effects of Fake and Adulterated Medicines in Nigeria
Published on: 4th July, 2024
Medicines are used to cure and treat ailments, relieve or eliminate disease symptoms, and slow down the disease process. Any attempt to disrupt this natural medicine process, using falsified medications, spells doom to a consumer of such medication. The challenge of fake medicines is a global one and affects developing and developed nations and currently assumes great significance as a result of globalization challenges, which have flattened the entire world, hence removing barriers to the movement of products and services. The cross-sectional survey was conducted, using six local government areas of Anambra State in South-East Nigeria, namely Awka, Nnewi, Onitsha, Aguata, Ogbaru, and Anaocha, among adults aged 18 years and above. A minimum sample size of 500 was calculated and stratified sampling was employed to select respondents in order to ensure that various population groups, the upper class, middle class, and lower class were represented.This research has shown that falsified medicine is an evil wind that blows nobody any good. It negatively affects every aspect of the citizen’s livelihood, ranging from their health, which manifests as treatment failures, deformities, loss of life to death, to loss of confidence in the healthcare providers, revenue losses to individuals, healthcare providers, manufacturers, and finally corruption of the genuine medicines supply chain with fake and adulterated medicines.The study has clearly shown the experiences of residents of Anambra State, South-East Nigeria with fake and adulterated medicines and also services as a wake-up call to medicines regulators like NAFDAC, PCN, the PSN, and Federal Ministry of Health to declare a state of emergency on the fight against fake and adulterated medicines and make enabling laws that are punitive enough towards the fight against this scourge, so that the healthcare and well-being of Nigerians would be assured at all times.
Review of AI in Civil Engineering
Published on: 8th July, 2024
This paper reviews the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on civil engineering. It explores AI's fundamental concepts and its applications across structural analysis, construction management, transportation, geotechnical engineering, and sustainability. The review highlights AI's role in automating tasks, predicting outcomes, and optimizing designs throughout project lifecycles. Recent advancements in AI-driven technologies for structural health monitoring, predictive maintenance, and risk assessment are discussed, along with challenges like data quality and model interpretability. Future trends such as autonomous construction and digital twins are examined, emphasizing the need for continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this paper offers insights for leveraging AI to address evolving challenges and opportunities in civil engineering, fostering innovation, sustainability, and resilience in infrastructure development.
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