Using Isomets as a Foundation, a Connection Factor between Nucleation and Atomic Physics
Published on: 10th June, 2024
The radioactive isomer was initially used to characterize persistent excited atomic states, much like molecular isomers, more than a century ago. Otto Hahn made the first atomic isomer discovery in 1921. Subsequently, it was gradually discovered that there are several kinds of nuclear isomers, such as spin isomer, K isomer, seniority isomer, and “shape and fission” isomer. Isomers are essential to the nucleosynthesis of astrophysical materials. High-accuracy nuclear reaction rate inputs are anticipated while carrying out a celestial nucleosynthesis net computation, even though a single reaction rate can have a significant impact on the whole astronomical evolutionary network. The isotopes are often considered to be in their initial state or to have levels populated in accordance with the thermal-equilibrium distribution of chances when computing nuclear synthesis rates. After all, certain isomers may have lives that reach millions of years or perhaps beyond the age of the cosmos. Thus, in an astrophysics event, such isomers might not be thermally equilibrium. Some atomic isomers—that is, astrometry—should be considered special isotopes since they are crucial to nucleosynthesis. Nuclear batteries can also be produced using nuclear isomers. Similar to the weak force, in certain specific cases such as isomer decays, the electromagnetic force could be crucial for nuclear changes. It is important to note that radioactive isomer states and radioactive ground states are not the same thing. Durable nuclear states of excitement provide insight into the nuclear framework and potential uses. Atomic and molecular changes become interconnected when the connection to the electrons in atoms is made possible by the existence of em decay routes from isomers. Notably renowned chemical decay process is inner conversion. Its inverted, nuclear excitement by free capture of electrons has been observed; however, it is debatable and needs more investigation. This study describes the connection connecting radioactive and molecular changes and discusses instances of manipulating nuclear moves related to isomers using external electromagnetic fields.
Therapeutic Implications of Stem Cell Secretome
Published on: 17th June, 2024
The stem cell secretome is a collective mixture of soluble and insoluble factors released by stem cells during paracrine communication and/or autocrine signaling. In addition to intracellular communication, these paracrine factors play an integral role in tissue development and generation, acting as the primary driving force in the regenerative properties of stem cells. Despite such great potential of stem cell secretome in therapeutic applications, the lack of secretome-based treatments available for the public at the time of writing is odd and puzzling. Hence, this review aims to provide insights into recent advancements in understanding the stem cell secretome, as well as discuss future possibilities and current limitations that must be overcome for the proper development of secretome-based therapies. Through utilizing the MEDLINE database from the National Library of Medicine® (NLM), we found that while there is much evidence of the therapeutic effects of secretome-based therapy, flaws involving regulations and standardization hinder it from revolutionizing regenerative medicine at present. It is cardinal to emphasize that while secretome-based therapy may be the solution for many untreatable conditions, much research is still required before it is approved for clinical practice.
Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Summary of Current and Future Trends
Published on: 27th June, 2024
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases and is associated with different risk factors (smoking habits, gender, and age). In this scenario, many studies have been conducted to pursue improvement of survival, faster and better therapy response, reduced adverse events, and expanded available therapies and treatments against tumor resistance to drugs. These studies have focused on defining the most prevalent NSCLC biomarkers (EGFR, HER2, ALK, MET, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS G12C, HER3, NTRK, and NRG1) and their actionability. It is noteworthy that expressed kinase receptors can have overlapping mechanisms of activation of different pathways (JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and PLC-c), which can lead to the same outcome of cell proliferation, migration, and survival resulting in increased tumor resistance to treatment. This review provides an overview of the latest findings regarding NSCLC treatment, emphasizing particular biomarkers and potential molecularly altered pathways implicated as targeted therapies. Additionally, it explores the clinical significance of the proposed treatments, their implication on progression-free survival, ongoing clinical trials, and their perspective of evolution so far.
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: AI Insights
Published on: 25th June, 2024
Microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and its microbial populations with the central nervous system (CNS). This complex system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and has significant implications for mental health. The human gut has trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed gut microbiota, which play important roles in digestion, immune function, and production of various metabolites. Some current research shows that these microorganisms strongly influence the brain function and behaviour of individuals, forming the basis of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The communication between gut microbiota and the brain occurs via multiple pathways: neural pathway (e.g., vagus nerve), endocrine pathway (e.g., hormone production), immune pathway (e.g., inflammation modulation), and metabolic pathway (e.g., production of short-chain fatty acids). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbiota, has been linked to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, etc, offering new perspectives on their etiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in interpreting the complexities of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, enable the integration and analysis of large, multifaceted datasets, uncovering patterns and correlations that can be avoided by traditional methods. These techniques enable predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and understanding of underlying biological mechanisms, enhancing research efficiency and covering ways for personalized therapeutic approaches. The application of AI in microbiome research has provided valuable insights into mental health conditions. AI models have identified specific gut bacteria linked to disease, offered predictive models, and discovered distinct microbiome signatures associated with specific diseases. Integrating AI with microbiome research holds promise for revolutionizing mental health care, offering new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Challenges remain, but the potential benefits of AI-driven insights into microbiome-gut-brain interactions are immense and offer hope for innovative treatments and preventative measures to improve mental health outcomes.
The Influence of Gravity on the Frequency of Processes in Various Geospheres of the Earth. Biogenic and Abiogenic Pathways of Formation of HC Accumulations
Published on: 9th July, 2024
Based on the results obtained in the study of the interaction of geological and biosphere processes, we found out that there is a close relationship between them. It was also found that the gravity of the bodies of the solar system on the Earth plays a significant role in the above relationship. The effect of gravity was demonstrated on the movement of lithosphere plates, on the processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, on related climatic cycles, and the biosphere processes, including "living" organisms' evolution and their mass extinctions. The periodicity of these processes due to gravity is shown. It is expressed in the alternation of short-term orogenic periods of the beginning of the processes with long-term geosynclinal periods of their development and completion. Both periods constitute the repetitive orogenic cycles. The relationship of the cycles with the evolution of photosynthesis, as well as with related Organic Matter (OM) accumulation in sediments after mass extinction of organisms, including OM transformation leading to the formation of Hydrocarbon (HC) accumulations, is shown. Biogenic processes accounting for the accumulation and transformation of organic matter in sediments constitute the biogenic pathway of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. It is shown that the influence of gravity extends to the processes in the inner geospheres, including the movement of magma in the asthenosphere under the lithosphere shell, to the movement of hydrogen gas coming from the Earth's core, combining with volatile compounds of elements present in magma, as well as to the rifting process. It is shown that rifting processes lead to the formation of gaseous HC accumulations and constitute a pathway called abiogenic. The obtained results shed light on the peculiarities of the formation of HC accumulations by biogenic and abiogenic pathways, allowing prediction of their chemical characteristics. This is essential when searching for oil and gas and planning exploration works.
Physical Performance in the Overweight/Obesity Children Evaluation and Rehabilitation
Published on: 31st July, 2024
Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the current themes of medical research, being considered not so much a multidimensional condition but primarily a real problem of worldwide interest.The aim of our randomized study was to evaluate and compare the effects of physical exercise associated with an educational program on clinical-functional status in overweight and obese children.Material and method: Participants were children hospitalized, through the emergency service, in the Pediatric Department, Craiova Municipal Clinical Hospital, between June and November 2023. 93 overweight and obese children, aged between 2 and 16 years, were evaluated (clinical, paraclinical and functional) by a multidisciplinary team and randomized into the control group (group C – 63 children) and the study group (group S – 30 children). After the resolution of the acute digestive or respiratory disease, the children in group S underwent a program to restore their functional status, based on educational measures (following the 5-2-1-0 rule) and physical exercises, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric data were measured (height, weight, body mass index); physical performance wasevaluated by gait analysis (we used the BTS G – WALK / BTS G – SENSOR 2 system, BTS Bioengineering Corp, Italy) with the determination of four parameters – the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, the symmetry index, the walking test six minutes (6 MWT) and walking cadence or average cadence (steps/min) in both groups of children.The results were obtained by analyzing the differences in values obtained in the two moments T1 (initial) and T2 (after three months). The proportion of girls and boys was approximately equal within obesity class in each study group. Although we did not obtain statistically significant differences between the monitored parameters, between the two groups, for the two evaluation moments, the children in Group S had a clearly favorable evolution for physical performance parameters, whose average value was improved in T2. Anthropometric data did not change.Conclusion: The present study confirms the effectiveness of the multimodal (educational-kinetic) program for the physical performance of overweight/obese children. The sustained running of the program at home, with the involvement of the family and the school environment, is essential for the well-being of these children, with a favorable impact on the quality of life later.
Obstetric Renal Failure: Causes, Prognosis, and Evolution
Published on: 8th August, 2024
The incidence of obstetric acute renal failure remains significant in developing countries. The aim of our study is to define the risk factors involved in the occurrence of ARF during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period and to evaluate its evolutionary profile in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic management over the years in Morocco. This is a retrospective study conducted in the maternal-infant resuscitation service of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, over the period from January 2020 to August 2023, including 95 patients. The current incidence in our series over this period was 22.2%. The mean age of our population was 33 ± 7.74 years [18-43 years], 67.3% of patients were in the gestational period, compared to 33.7% in the immediate postpartum period. Fourteen patients were primiparous (8.6%), 27.4% had a history of miscarriage, and 10.7% had a history of pre-eclampsia. Oligo-anuria was initially identified in 24 patients. The most frequent etiology was pre-eclampsia (56.7%), followed by hemorrhage (27%) and sepsis (19.3%). The evolution was marked by recourse to hemodialysis in 62% of cases, with a maternal mortality of 26%. The existence of heart disease, the context of pre-eclampsia, and the use of diuretics and vasoactive drugs were significantly correlated with maternal survival. No factor was correlated with secondary recovery from ARF. The development of health structures and the optimization of screening strategies are the keywords for prevention.
Parallelism of the Evolution of Social Insects and Humans: A Hypothesis
Published on: 26th August, 2024
Social insects have eradicated the instincts inherited from their solitary ancestors that were harmful to communities. The elimination of these instincts was accomplished by natural selection, the units of which were communities. Man has not yet eradicated the instincts inherited from their solitary animal ancestors that were harmful to communities. But their eradication is underway. And it is also being accomplished by natural selection, the units of which are societies. Completion of evolution in this direction will probably lead to the disappearance of human instincts harmful to society, as they have disappeared in social insects. This will happen after a period of time measured not by historical standards, but by geological.
Advancements in Clinical Research: Phases, Ethical Considerations, and Technological Innovations
Published on: 25th September, 2024
Background: Clinical research is a vital component of medical advancements, contributing to the discovery of new treatments, procedures, and health interventions. This paper discusses the importance of clinical trials, the structure and phases of trials, ethical considerations in research, and the role of modern technologies in reshaping clinical trials.Objective: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical trial process, ethical compliance, and the integration of technological advancements, with real-world examples and recent studies to support the discussion.Methods: The article provides a descriptive analysis of the different types of clinical research, the various phases of clinical trials, and ethical considerations based on established guidelines such as the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report. It also examines how recent technological innovations, including AI, wearable devices, and Electronic Health Records (EHRs), have revolutionized the field.Results: The integration of technology into clinical research has resulted in more efficient, data-driven, and patient-centric trials. Ethical compliance, guided by international regulations, remains a critical factor in ensuring patient safety and maintaining public trust in clinical research.Conclusion: The future of clinical research relies heavily on technological innovation and strict adherence to ethical guidelines. As new treatments and therapies emerge, the structure of trials and the responsible use of technology will play an essential role in shaping the future of healthcare.
From the Single Bacterial Cell to the Microbial Community: A Round Trip to better understand the Secrets of Complex Microbiological Ecosystems
Published on: 3rd December, 2024
There is increasing evidence of the difficulty in understanding the “biological functioning” of some complex microbial communities. Complex microbial communities exist everywhere in nature, and the interactions among their constituent microorganisms are a crucial aspect that influences their development. The ability of microorganisms to colonize an environment includes their ability to interact with other species in the same ecosystem, as well as their ability to adapt and integrate into the evolving community. The interactions among microorganisms and not just their numbers, or the presence of different species, biotypes, and variants, in many cases, seems to become a decisive factor in understanding and analyzing the development of microbial ecosystems and the biological function of the individual microbial entities that are part of them.After working to isolate individual microbial cells and study the mechanisms of their functioning and development, it is time to embark on a backward journey “from the small to the complex” for a better understanding of complex microbial ecosystems and their application potential. The purpose of this brief contribution is to further the development of the understanding of the role of microbial communities in nature and the mode of their development and evolution.
The Evolutionary Horizons of Social Systems
Published on: 17th January, 2025
This document has been translated from Spanish into English using ChatGPT. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and maintain the original meaning, some nuances or interpretations may differ from the source text. For any clarification, please refer to the original document or contact the author.This brief article addresses the concern arising from the accelerated whirlwind of changes of all kinds experienced by our social systems, some of which have a significant evolutionary impact, largely driven by advances in science and technology. Particular interest has emerged in connecting certain properties inherent to the behavior of complex systems far from equilibrium—such as social systems—under the framework of properties currently studied in Complexity Sciences. The article outlines this concern, which is, for now, merely the beginning of what could develop into a groundbreaking investigation. It references laboratory simulation work aimed at understanding the evolutionary horizons of Chile’s social system. The text includes an example of some graphs that illustrate a potential method for detecting and anticipating possible evolutionary horizons of the social system, based on the role played by certain “attractor variables” within the system. However, the research is still exploratory, and this article serves merely as a general description of the initial concern.
Evolution of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Gender Difference in Cardiovascular Pathology
Published on: 28th January, 2025
Retracing the evolution of Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR) obliges us to take an instructive as well as fascinating leap back in time. This journey teaches us that the relationship between MRs and what we consider their natural ligand, aldosterone, has not always been an exclusive one. MRs operated for a very long time in the oceans and, in any case, in an aquatic environment, stimulated by ligands other than aldosterone, and exercising functions that we still do not know well but which were certainly different from those they currently perform in terrestrial vertebrates, where they maintain normal sodium and body fluids. The history of MRs was initially intertwined with that of female sexual hormones, in particular with progesterone, which was one of the first agonists for MRs, before becoming, with the transition to the terrestrial environment, an important antagonist. This initial intertwining could be the cause of the sexual dimorphism that can be glimpsed when these receptors are overstimulated, as emerges from many experimental studies and some clinical data and/or when antagonistic drugs for these receptors are studied. This must be taken into account in the planning of clinical studies, especially randomized controlled trials, in which the presence of the two sexes must always be well balanced and in the interpretation of the results which must always be performed being well aware of the gender of participants. This does not always happen, however.
Exploring the Potential of Medicinal Plants in Bone Marrow Regeneration and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy
Published on: 31st January, 2025
Blood cell production through hematopoiesis within the bone marrow serves both to maintain blood equilibrium and to respond to tissue injury and infectious demands. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy developments have revolutionized medical treatment approaches for anemia leukemia and bone marrow failure caused by chemotherapy or radiation exposure. The therapeutic compounds present in medicinal plants have traditionally supported blood health and researchers now understand these plants could help regenerate bone marrow tissue. The analysis investigates how phytochemicals affect HSC proliferation and differentiation while supporting HSC survival. The medicinal plants Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, and Curcuma longa receive special attention for their documented ability to enhance hematopoiesis in preclinical and clinical settings. This review examines the challenges that include standardization issues, toxicity concerns, and regulatory barriers alongside future perspectives about combining plant-based therapies with traditional treatments to improve bone marrow recovery and health results.
Chaos to Cosmos: Quantum Whispers and the Cosmic Genesis
Published on: 4th February, 2025
Quantum fluctuations, usually arising from the inherent uncertainty in the quantum fields, are pivotal in understanding the universe at both the small and large scales. Even though fluctuations are usually unobservable and rather small, they give significant observable effects during specific epochs under specific conditions. During the early epochs of the universe, the fluctuations were scaled, resulting in the primordial density perturbations that gave rise to the large-scale structure of the universe and the observed inhomogenities. In this paper, we study the basic origin, structure, evolution, and imprints of fluctuations during the inflationary period resulting in large-scale structure formation. We use the Mukhanov-sasaki formalism to model scalar perturbations, embedding the theoretical results into observations. Theoretical predictions show an almost scale-invariant power spectrum with stringent constraints on the inflationary parameters. It further states that in the very early universe, the inflatons that are quanta of the primordial field were highly filled in the degenerate quantum state. This carries large potential energy that results in an exponential expansion of the universe. During post post-inflationary period the inflaton dominated the Universe’s energy density; they interact among themselves and due to non-linear effects, these inhomogeneities grow which amalgamate into spatially distinguishable patches in our observable universe. Our understanding projects us towards the fact that fluctuations play a pivotal role in understanding the structure formation at micro, macro, and far-macro scales. This study also addresses the significance of quantum fluctuations in cosmic evolution and manifests the enduring relevance in addressing some of the profound mysteries of our universe.
Unmasking Renal Complications of Immunotherapy: A Case of Nivolumab-induced FSGS
Published on: 7th February, 2025
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICPIs), while revolutionizing cancer therapy through potentiation of anti-tumour responses via targeted blockade of T-lymphocyte inhibitory receptors, are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including diverse renal manifestations. This report presents a case of a 69-year-old male with urothelial carcinoma who developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and nephrotic-range proteinuria following initiation of nivolumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, necessitating renal biopsy to clarify the aetiology. The biopsy revealed Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with endotheliopathy, suggesting a direct ICPI-induced glomerular injury. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of ICPI-associated glomerular disease, alongside more common renal adverse events such as Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN), and for the need for renal biopsy in such cases. While the incidence of ICPI-associated AKI is approximately 17%, and AIN is a more frequent finding, FSGS and other glomerular pathologies should also be considered. Current treatment for such renal events involves discontinuation of the ICPI agent and initiation of immunosuppression with glucocorticoids. The management of these cases requires prompt detection, timely diagnosis, and often interdisciplinary collaboration, thus highlighting the need for more case reports, research, and better treatment strategies.
Evolution of Antifungal Activity of Artemisia herba-alba Extracts on Growth of Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp.
Published on: 11th February, 2025
Plant extracts and their constituents have a long history as antifungal agents, but their use in biotechnology as preservatives, due to the increasing resistance of fungi to fungicides, has been rarely reported in Libya. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extract and water extract of the wild native plant Artemisia herba-alba against two genera of mold fungi Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. This mold fungal causes significant damage to crops in the field or during storage. In this study, a hot ethanol extract was prepared using a device Soxhlet, and water extract hot as well as a cold ethanol extract and cold-water extract aqueous extract three concentrations (25% - 50% - 75%) of plant extracts were used on the tested fungi. All extracts showed an effect on the tested fungi. The concentrations of (75% - 50%) of the extracts had an effect on the tested fungi, while most concentrations of 25% of the extracts did not record any effect on the tested fungi. The hot ethanol extract of the Artemisia herba-alba plant was more effective than the other extracts. Aspergillus sp. was recorded with the highest inhibitory zone (0.73 mm).
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