food

The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) is a public institution created by Law 9782/1999, which integrates the field of Collective Health and acts in the prevention, control, and inspection of sanitary conditions in various sectors, such as food, health, pharmacies, hospitals, and commercial establishments. Its main objective is to guarantee the protection of public health, ensuring that products, services, and environments comply with established standards, to promote health and preventing diseases. To exercise its inspection and control function, Sanitary Surveillance has the power of sanitary police, which gives it the authority to apply necessary measures and curb practices that pose risks to the health of the population.The performance of the Sanitary Surveillance is fundamental to prevent health risks in any part of society and to guarantee national programs for patient safety. It is also essential to prevent diseases, control risks, and monitor compliance with health standards and specific regulations. The police power of Sanitary Surveillance consists of establishing norms and technical regulations, carrying out inspections and inspections, issuing temporary or permanent interdiction orders in establishments that do not comply with the norms, as well as forwarding complaints to the Public Ministry in cases of crimes against public health. Arrests carried out by Sanitary Surveillance agents are extreme measures and applied in serious situations of risk to public health or when there is repeated disrespect for sanitary regulations. The prohibited establishments have the right of defense and may seek to regularize the situation to obtain the release of activities.The performance of the Sanitary Surveillance has significant impacts on the prevention of disease outbreaks and epidemics. Identifying and correcting inappropriate practices helps to prevent the spread of pathogenic agents and reduce the risk of contagion in collective environments. The institution’s preventive and supervisory activities contribute to reducing risks to the population’s health, preventing disease outbreaks, food poisoning, and the proliferation of pests, among other problems. Finally, the importance of exercising police power with transparency, impartiality, and respect for individual rights is emphasized, always aiming at the collective interest and the promotion of the common good. In summary, Health Surveillance plays an essential role in protecting public health, seeking to ensure that the population has access to safe products and services, contributing to the improvement of quality of life and disease prevention.

Dyspepsia refers to acute, chronic, or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen. An international committee of clinical investigators (Rome III Committee) has defined Dyspepsia as Epigastric pain or Burning, early satiety, or postprandial fullness Dyspepsia occurs in 15 % of the Adult population and accounts for 3% of general medical office visits. The descriptive study was carried out in Eastern Afghanistan, Afghan Momand Medical Complex & Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, during the years 2023-2024. To know the Clinico-Endoscopy of Dyspepsia, for patients who present with investigated Dyspepsia to Gastroenterological OPD & IPD. The study result showed, there were a total of patients 467, and of these patients 230 were Male and 237 were Female. According to the Age, 45 patients were under Age <20, 219 patients were between the ages 21-40 years, 130 patients were between ages 41-60 years and 73 patients were over 60 years of Age. However according to the presentation, 357 patients had Dyspepsia, 59 patients had Dysphagia, 13 patients had Chronic Liver Diseases & Screened for Varices, 3 patients presented after Acid ingestion, 2 patients had Anemia, 11 patients had persistent vomiting and 22 patients had suspected GI-Bleeding. Furthermore in Esophageal findings from a total of 467 patients 34 patients had Esophageal Candidacies, 6 patients had Esophageal Narrowing, 25 patients had Esophageal Growth, 71 patients had Hiatus Hernia, 180 patients had LA Grade A Esophagitis, 21 patients had LA Grade B Esophagitis, 6 patients had LA Grade C Esophagitis, 3 patient had LA Grade D Esophagitis. 16 patients had Lax Lower Esophageal Sphincter, 9 Patients had High-Risk Esophageal Varices, 3 patients had Small Esophageal Varices and 150 patients had Normal Esophagus and in Gastric findings from total all above patients, 4 patients had Antral Gastritis, 50 patients had Corpus Gastritis, 1 patient had Fundal Gastritis, 4 patients had Nodular Gastritis, 199 patients had Pan-Gastritis, 108 patients have Severe Pan Erosive Gastritis, 23 patient had Gastric Erosions, 6 patients had PHG (Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy), 3 Patients had Fundal Varices, 5 patients had Gastric Polyps, 5 patients had Gastric Growth, 2 patients had Pyloric Stenosis, 8 patients stomach not seen due to Esophageal Growth, 67 patients stomach were normal. In the present study there were Duodenal findings from a total of the above patients 48 had Duodenitis, 2 patients had Duodenal Polyps, 2 patients had duodenal ulcers, 1 patient had Duodenopathy, 2 patients had Duodenopathy, 2 patients Duodenum not seen due to Pyloric Stenosis and 413 patients Duodenum were normal. Regarding the habits in our study in which a total of 467 patients were examined 135 of the above patients had snuff habits, 103 patients had smoking habits, 2 patients were Heroin addicts and 227 of the total patients didn’t have any habits (the majority of them were using spicy food, overfeeding, drinking of nonalcoholic beverages, fatty foods, NSAIDs ...) and the higher incidence of Dyspepsia was in Female patients, Also with the age between 21-40 years (43%) patients, Also the higher incidence of Dysphagia 47% were in patients with Age >60 years, the Endoscopy showed that 83% patients had Gastritis also higher incidence regarding the habits 29% had snuff habit and 22% had a smoking habit.

Antioxidants are groups of compounds that neutralize free radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cell [1]. Antioxidant activity in food and beverages has become one of the most interesting features in the science community. These antioxidants provide protection against damage caused by free radicals played important roles in the development of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, aging, heart disease, anemia, cancer, and inflammation [2].