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Endophytic microbes i.e. bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes live inside the plant tissues without causing any harmful effect on them. Recently, research has been conducted on endophytic microbes to enhance agriculture and environmental sustainability. Endophytes stabilize a close association with their host, which leads to major changes in plant physiology. Endophytic microbes and pathogens use the same strategies for entering the host cell. This condition may create competition between the endophytes and the pathogen. Therefore, host plants develop strategies to allow the entry of specific microorganisms. Additionally, endophytic microorganisms may temper their own genetic structure to survive and avoid the host defence machinery. The plant-endophyte symbionts promote direct and indirect defences to host plants. This plays an essential role in modulating plant defences against various stresses, particularly biotic stress. In this minireview, we highlight the interaction of endophytic microbes with their host.  As well as the role of endophytic microbes in the enhancement of plant defence systems.

The mainstays of nuclear substance radiation and isotopic synthesis are nuclear-powered power plants, however effective safety evaluation is made tougher by the complicated construction topologies and physical connection effects. This work proposes a multiphysics-linked technique for evaluating both the kinetic and steady-state behaviors of the MPRR and LVR-15 laboratory reactors. To represent complicated member geometries, homogenized assembling sections are generated using two-dimensional whole-core computational simulations. It is discovered that the steady-state findings and the so-called Monte Carl solution comparisons correspond quite nicely. The greatest assemble power mistakes for LVR-15 and MPRR are 6.49%/10%, and the highest command rod value mistakes are 31 pcm/136 pcm, and the mistakes are 377 pcm/383 pcm, accordingly. Meanwhile, the study is done on transitory procedures, such as reactivity-initiated disasters and exposed loss-of-flow mishaps. Both units' modeling findings show plausible adverse feedback events. Furthermore, it is shown that the two reactors' accident-related behaviors are comparable though having different core architectures since they employ the exact same kinds of water as a fluid. The technique for studying nuclear power plant kinetics known as Multi-Physics Simulation (MPM) is explained. Drawing on many research and verification efforts conducted at Politecnico di Milan, Italy, MPM is shown to be a valuable instrument for managing reactors' security and oversight. It may be viewed as a holistic analytical tool that is implemented during the reactor architecture design phase. The capacity to concurrently answer the interrelated equations that control the many physical processes taking place in a nuclear plant inside the same simulated setting is a core characteristic of MPM.

Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon condition defined as abnormal dilatation of the coronary artery.We report the case of a man admitted to the Emergency Department for suspected intestinal obstruction. At abdominal/thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) it was reported a suspected pericardial cyst. Contrast echocardiography showed a clear pattern of blood flow inside the mass with a probable origin at a very limited region where it was also possible to sample an ECG-synchronized system-diastolic Pulse-Wave (PW)-Doppler pattern, typical for a coronary artery flow. Our suspicion of a giant coronary artery aneurysm was then confirmed by coronary CT and coronary angiography. The patient was transferred to a Cardiac Surgery center where he underwent surgical treatment for the aneurysm.Most coronary aneurysms are clinically silent and are often incidentally detected. Coronary angiography is the ‘‘gold standard’’ for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery aneurysms. Among non-invasive diagnostic techniques, Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography is the best method for coronary artery anatomy and coronary abnormalities. However, echocardiography with the use of a contrast agent, a cost-effective non-radiation nature, and a widespread use method, maybe a reliable method to detect and characterize the masses, allowing a differential diagnosis.Learning objective1.    Recognition and evaluation of cardiac masses require first-line imaging methods such as echocardiography.2.    The use of additional non-invasive (cardiac CT or MRI) and/or invasive imaging methods are often required. 3.    Contrast echocardiography may be helpful, as second-line imaging methods, to better characterize the mass and approach the correct diagnosis.

Verrucous hyperplasia is a wart-like lesion that can develop on amputation stumps, often due to poor-fitting prostheses, venous stasis, friction, and bacterial infections. While surgical excision is sometimes necessary for intractable cases, many instances can be managed non-surgically. We present the case of a 35-year-old male with a slowly growing verrucous plaque on his amputated stump that had caused repeated infections. His prosthesis was loose, allowing the stump to hang loosely inside the socket. After histological confirmation of verrucous hyperplasia, he was advised to change his prosthesis and use compression bandaging. Over 5 months, the lesion resolved without surgery. Early recognition and non-surgical management, including proper prosthetic fit, compression, and hygiene, can often successfully treat verrucous hyperplasia of amputation stumps. This avoids the need for excision in many cases. Patients and clinicians should be aware of this condition and the importance of prosthetic fit and limb care to prevent and treat it.

This paper presents the results of experiments to investigate the influence of thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal modes of transparent boxes. To conduct experiments on the non-stationary thermal model of solar greenhouses developed by us, two identical transparent boxes with dimensions of 0.80 x 0.65 x 0.80 m were constructed. The transparent boxes have rectangular shapes. One transparent box has glass walls and the other with polyethylene walls. The influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment and the thermal conditions inside the transparent boxes with film and glass transparent walls are investigated. The experimental results show that at a maximum ambient air temperature of 42 °C on 27.06.2024 at 13:48 hours, the air temperature increases to 10% and 23% in transparent boxes with polyethylene and with glass walls, respectively, and at 05:10 hours, the humidity decreases to 8% and 11%, respectively. Thus, the influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal conditions of transparent boxes with glass walls, at the maximum ambient temperature, is greater by 1.2 times than in transparent boxes with polyethylene walls, and humidity decreases by half.