Pituitary gland metastasis from breast cancer: case report
Published on: 26th May, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9524460826
Cancer metastasis to the pituitary gland is rare, but in most cases, it originates from a late-stage breast tumor or lung cancer. The most common symptoms of metastasis to the pituitary gland are diabetes insipidus and visual disturbance. The common ... site of metastasis is the posterior portion of the pituitary gland because it is highly vascularized. Metastases to this site represent 1% of all tumors [1]. Metastasis to the pituitary gland is difficult to diagnose by hormonal analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and requires biopsy for confirmation [2]. Show more >
Hypothermia of the brain - a prospective method for preventing the development of complications of sports craniocerebral injuries
Published on: 28th June, 2022
Cerebral brain injuries (CBIs) account for up to 20% of all injuries in boxing. Approximately 97% of sports-related brain injuries are mild, their neurological symptoms are unexpressed, and young, strong, highly motivated athletes tend to dismiss the... severity of their injuries. This may lead to an underestimation of the severity and extent of brain injuries. Changes in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mild traumatic brain injury are absent in the early stages, making diagnosis difficult. Frequent repetitive traumatic brain injuries, including mild brain injuries, can result in functional and structural brain lesions that affect athletes’ performance and, in the long term, significantly impair their quality of life. Also, the consequences of cerebral brain injuries, including mild brain injury, can be affected by the individual condition of the Circle of Willis. Show more >
Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: still discovered on anatomopathological examination
Published on: 2nd September, 2022
Background: Leiomyomas beyond the uterus are defined by benign smooth muscle cell tumors outside of the uterus. Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare type of uterine leiomyoma and is characterized by the formation and growth of benign leiomyoma tissue... within the vascular wall. Herein, we present a case of Intravenous leiomyomatosis successfully treated by surgical removal and a review of actual medical recommendations.Case presentation: A 49 - year-old woman, maghrébin, G3 P2, no family history of uterine myomas mentioned, having systemic arterial hypertension, presented to our department with hypogastric pain and abnormal uterine bleeding in the prior five months resulting in anemia which required iron supplementation. On physical examination the vital signs were normal. A palpable mass in the hypogastrium was noted. The rest of the exam was unremarkable. Pelvic ultrasound showed a huge uterus with multiple heterogeneous leiomyomas, including at least one intracavity. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging were not done initially due to the unaffordability of the patient. The initial diagnosis was leiomyoma. The decision to perform a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was taken. The abdomen was opened by a midline vertical incision. During surgery, multiple subserosal, intramural and submucosal fibroids ranging from 2 cm × 3 cm to 10 cm × 10 cm were seen. On pathological examination, the uterus measured 19 cm in the largest diameter and weighed 1.3 kg. The cut section showed white nodular myometrial masses. Microscopically, intravascular growth of benign smooth muscle cells is found within venous channels lined by endothelium. The diagnosis of Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus without malignant transformation was retained. The patient was monitored for 14 months and subsequent computed tomography did not reveal any evidence of tumor recurrence. The follow-up will be performed annually till the age of menopause.Conclusion: Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a benign, rare and potentially lethal pathology. It especially affects premenopausal women with a history of uterine myoma, whether operated on or not. They require close and prolonged follow-up because of the high risk of recurrence. Show more >
Atypic subacute sclerosing panensefalitis in a six-year-old male
Published on: 23rd November, 2022
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare, slow, and insidious neurodegenerative disease caused by measles. This disease mostly has a classic course. However, sometimes it can be presented with atypical manifestations. In this paper, we aim to pr... esent a six years old male patient that was hospitalized due to seizures and ataxia. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was normal on the first day of admission, but within a few days, the patient started to be apathetic. On the seventh day, magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense lesions in the thalamic, brainstem, and periventricular areas. Periodic epileptiform discharges were detected in the repeated electroencephalogram. Investigations from the cerebrospinal fluid showed markedly elevated measles virus IgG at 230U/ml consistent with the diagnosis of SSPE which should always be ruled out when a patient comes in with uncontrollable seizures, ataxia and apathy. Show more >
Isolated multiple pericardial hydatid cysts in an asymptomatic patient: Role of the CMR
Published on: 6th January, 2023
Hydatid cysts primarily affect the liver and secondary involvement may be seen in almost any anatomic location. We describe the unusual pericardial location of the Echinococcus cysts in an asymptomatic patient with suggestive cardiac magnetic re... sonance imaging. Show more >
A case of hepatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct
Published on: 21st March, 2023
Introduction: Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile ducts (IPNB) is a rare entity characterized by exophytic growth of the bile ducts.Case presentation: In this report, we present a 57-year-old male with no prior medical history consulted for up... per right abdominal pain, jaundice and pruritus. Abdominal Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging/Bili-magnetic resonance were performed. They revealed that the circumferential parietal thickening of the common hepatic duct had extended approximately 4 cm with moderate dilatation of the left intrahepatic bile ducts. Computed tomography showed no evidence of distant metastasis.Biopsy revealed a high-grade intraductal papillary neoplasm. After 40 days, the patient had left hepatectomy with resection of the main bile duct and the gallbladder. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed a dilatation duct at the hilum with thickening of their walls.The histopathology report revealed multiple intra-hepatic papillary neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia with an invasive carcinoma component in the left hepatic duct without extending to the biliary wall, classified as pT1N0.Conclusion: This premalignant lesion has the potential to transform into invasive carcinoma if not properly diagnosed.Our case illustrates how early identification can lead to potential surgical resection. Show more >
Diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard
Published on: 10th April, 2023
Gliomas are known to be one of the most grievous malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors and have a high mortality rate with a low survival rate severe disability and increase risk of recurrence. Aim of his study is to determine the diagnostic ... accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low-grade and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard. It is a Cross-sectional validation study conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, (AFIRI) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 28th February 2022 to 27th August 2022.Materials and methods: A total of 215 patients with focal brain lesions of age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Patients with a cardiac pacemaker, breastfeeding females, de-myelinating lesions and malignant infiltrates, and renal failure were excluded. Then diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed on each patient by using a 1.5 Tesla MR system. The area of greatest diffusion restriction (lowest ADC) within the solid tumor component was identified while avoiding areas of peritumoral edema. Results of ADC were interpreted by a consultant radiologist (at least 5 years of post-fellowship experience) for high or low-grade glioma. After this, each patient has undergone a biopsy in the concerned ward, and histopathology results were compared with ADC findings. Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard was 93.65%, 87.64%, 91.47%, 90.70% and 91.16% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas. Show more >
Nuclear science and magnetic carbon: a promising way from a chemical method to detect and fight cancer and tumors/neoplasms
Published on: 17th April, 2023
In 2005 we reported for the first time on a chemical route aiming to synthesize stable magnetic carbon/graphite. By using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique we have verified that its magnetism is an intrinsic property of this synthesized ... material and not originated from ferromagnetic impurities of any kind. Through direct measurement of the local magnetic field using Carbon-13, we have concluded that its magnetism originated from defects in the structure. From its biocompatibility, we have been working on the use of magnetic carbon/graphite to deliver many compounds aiming to fight different diseases. Despite all the scientific and technological advances of the present day, cancer is a multifactorial and difficult-to-treat disease, killing hundreds of thousands of people a year worldwide. Therefore, the development of a new and efficient drug delivery system to fight cancer – among other diseases - is as important as the discovery of a novel active molecule. In this review of our own work, we show the drug delivery system named MAGUS® (an acronym for Magnetic Graphite Universal System) we have built based on nanostructured magnetic carbon/graphite. This is an innovative and promising system composed of a biocompatible nanostructured particle of magnetic carbon/graphite functionalized with different molecules and materials. MAGUS®, depending on what we link to its structure, is so versatile and can be used to detect a wide range of specimens, from tumors and cancers to chemical and biological agents used as non-conventional weapons. That is why we call it universal. In the present work, MAGUS® will be acting as a biosensor, where the magnetic carbon/graphite is functionalized with radioactive particles of Iodine-131 and antibodies of different types of cancer. Then, by focusing on both the antigen-antibody interaction and the spatial guiding through an external magnetic field we are providing our drug delivery system a double way to detect and reach just the target. Based on these strategies, the functionalized magnetic carbon/graphite will reach only the neoplasm and not the surrounding healthy cells around. In a general view, it means that we are giving specificity to the MAGUS® drug delivery system as a pioneering and effective way to detect and treat cancers. We are also working on this unprecedented and efficient drug delivery system using the principles of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) with Boron-10 instead of Iodine-131. BNCT technique uses neutrons as the external source and is frequently employed to treat specific tumors that are radio resistant or very difficult to kill using conventional radiation therapy. In summary, we show here for the first time that our Magnetic Graphite Universal System associated with nuclear techniques can be successfully used as a biosensor to detect and fight cancers and tumors with powerful features that conventional delivery drug systems and other treatments do not have at all. Show more >
Myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis: comparison between clinical data, laboratory, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance
Published on: 16th May, 2023
Introduction: Patients with aortic stenosis often develop hypertrophy and fibrosis, regardless of symptoms. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) represents the gold standard for the evaluation of fibrosis despite numerous limitations: cost, availability,... atrial fibrillation, claustrophobia, kidney failure or inability to apnea.Purpose: The aim is to validate the role of echocardiographic parameters, such as Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), as early markers of fibrosis. Clinical and laboratory data, particularly B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), were also analyzed.Material and methods: In our study we recruited 33 patients with severe aortic stenosis, correlating echocardiographic values of GLS with the qualitative analysis of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) and the quantitative analysis of T1 mapping of CMR.Results: 70% of patients with an alteration of GLS had LGE+. Univariate logistic regression shows that the factors associated with the presence of LGE on CMR are hypertension (p = 0.043), GLS (p = 0.032), and elevated BNP values (p = 0.021); for GLS, Odds Ratio (OR) is 5 so the chance of finding fibrosis on CMR increases 5 times in presence of an altered GLS. The multivariate analysis confirms the association with impaired GLS values (p = 0.033) and hypertension (p = 0.025), but not with elevated Pro-BNP values.Conclusion: In patients with severe aortic stenosis, the association between GLS, LGE, and T1 mapping can help identify earlier those patients with structural changes caused by the disease, who could benefit from early intervention. It remains to be established how the presence of these alterations has a role in determining the intervention time and the outcome of these patients. Show more >
The Role of Advanced Imaging in Paediatric Cardiology: Basic Principles and Indications
Published on: 24th June, 2023
Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography are newer echo-cardiographic modalities, that assess myocardial and valvular function in congenital and acquired heart diseases in childhood. In addition, cross-sectional imaging including ... Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Cardiac Computed Tomography has been widely used over the last decade in paediatric cardiology, in order to evaluate intra-cardiac and extra-cardiac anatomy. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance particularly allows detailed analysis of myocardial function, and shunt quantification and has applications even in fetal life. This mini-review summarizes the basic principles of the above-advanced modalities and highlights their main indications and clinical applications in childhood. Show more >
Magnets, Gradients, and RF Coils of MR Scanners
Published on: 25th July, 2023
The topic of this paper is the parts of modern MR devices, which contain magnet coils. MR scanner magnets are made of four types of electromagnetic coils: 1) Main magnet, made of superconducting material. The main magnet of an MR (Magnetic Resonance ... Imaging) scanner creates a strong and uniform magnetic field around the patient being scanned. This magnetic field is typically in the range of 0.5 to 3 Tesla and is used to align the magnetic moments of the hydrogen atoms in the patient's body. The superconductors, which create the main magnetic field, should be cooled with liquid helium and liquid nitrogen. The main magnets made of superconductors should use a cryostat, with cooling vessels with liquid helium and liquid nitrogen, thermal insulation, and other protective elements of the magnet system. 2) The gradient magnetic field is made of three types of coils: x-coils, y-coils, and z-coils. The X coil, made of resistive material, creates a variable magnetic field, horizontally, from left to right, across the scanning tube; 3) The Y coil creates a variable magnetic field, vertically, from bottom to top; 4) The Z coil creates a variable magnetic field, longitudinally, from head to toe, inside the scanning tube. RF coils are used to generate RF pulses to excite the hydrogen protons (spins) in the patient's body and detect the signals emitted by the protons when they return to their equilibrium state after the RF excitation is turned off. The resulting interaction between the magnetic field and the aligned hydrogen atoms produces a signal that is used to generate the images seen in an MRI scan. The main magnetic field is what allows MR imaging to produce detailed anatomical and functional information non-invasively. The structure of the MR scanner magnet is complex. The resonant frequency changes at each point of the field in a controlled manner. Inside the copper core are embedded the windings of the main magnet made of superconducting material in the form of microfibers. A non-linear gradient field is created by coils of conductive material. It adds to the main magnetic field. Thus the resulting magnetic field is obtained. The types of magnets that exist in the basic configurations of MR scanners are analyzed. Scanners in the form of a closed cylindrical cavity generate their magnetic fields by passing current through a solenoid, which is maintained at the temperature of a superconductor. Exclusively used superconductors are niobium-titanium (NbTi), niobium-tin (Nb3Sn), vanadium-gallium (V3Ga), and magnesium-diboride (MgB2). Only magnesium diboride is a high-temperature superconductor, with a critical temperature Tc = 390K. The three remaining superconductors are low temperatures. New high-temperature superconductors have been discovered, as well as superconductors at room temperature. Newly discovered superconducting materials are not used in MR scanners. Show more >
Retroperitoneal Bronchogenic Cyst: Imaging and Pathophysiological Review
Published on: 22nd August, 2023
Bronchogenic cysts are rare lesions that form during early embryogenesis and are commonly located in the mediastinum. Retroperitoneally located bronchogenic cysts are an exceptionally rare entity. These are most commonly found incidentally on imaging... . We will review the unique imaging and histopathological findings of this entity and discuss why prophylactic surgery is considered the treatment of choice. By reviewing retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts, we aim to educate clinicians regarding the presentation, investigations, imaging characteristics, and treatment of this exceeding rare entity. Show more >
A Novel Strategy to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness: First-in-Human MR-guided Focused Ultrasound-Stimulated Microbubbles (MRgFUS+MB) Radiation Enhancement Treatment
Published on: 24th August, 2023
Background and aim: Preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that radiation-induced tumour cell death can be enhanced 10- to 40-fold when combined with focused-ultrasound (FUS)-stimulated microbubbles (MB). The acoustic exposure of MB in ... the tumour volume causes vasculature perturbation, activation of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) ceramide pathway, and resultant endothelial cell apoptosis. When the tumour is subsequently treated with radiation, there is increased endothelial cell death and anoxic tumour killing. Here we describe a first-in-human experience treating patients with magnetic resonance (MR)-guided FUS-stimulated MB (MRgFUS+MB) radiation enhancement.Case presentation: A head and neck cancer patient with recurrent disease underwent radiotherapy for 5 separate sites of locoregional disease followed by systemic therapy. The first consisted of a course of 45 Gy in 5 fractions alone, the second of 30 Gy in 5 fractions with hyperthermia, and the three others of 20-30 Gy in 5 fractions along with MRgFUS+MB treatment. The treatment methodology used an MR-coupled FUS-device operating at 500 KHz and 540 kPa peak negative pressure with an insonification time of 750 ms spread over 5 minutes to stimulate intravenously administered MB within tumour target. All sites treated with stimulated MB had a complete radiological response, and subsequently, the patient’s other cutaneous metastatic disease disappeared. The patient has been under surveillance for over two years without active treatment or disease progression.Discussion: MRgFUS+MB was well-tolerated with no reported treatment-related adverse events, which can be attributed to the capability of FUS to selectively stimulate MB within the tumour volume while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Sustained local control at all target sites aligns with earlier preclinical findings suggesting the radiation enhancement potential of FUS+MB.Conclusion: MRgFUS+MB represents a novel and promising therapy for enhancing radiation efficacy and improving therapeutic index with potential improvements in disease control. Show more >
Study the Influence of Laser Energy on the Surface Morphology of Copper Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulsed Laser Extirpation Method in Liquid
Published on: 7th November, 2023
A study reports a novel synthesis of pure copper and the effect of laser energy on optical properties and the particle size of colloidal copper nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). Different laser energies (600,700,800 mJ... ) of pulsed laser (Nd: YaG) were used to prepare colloidal copper nanoparticles size of about (40.4 nm - 91.3 nm) which were measured using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The presence of Copper NPs in distilled water, respectively, with nanostructure in the shape of a spherical construction and size of about 50 nm were measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The absorption spectrum and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) were measured to study the optical properties of the prepared copper nucleus, and the results showed that the SPR and high optical density were found in the 320 wavelengths at the laser energy of (600 mJ), present at wavelength 333 to the laser energy (700 mJ) and shifted to a lower wavelength (blue shift) with a higher optical density, a wavelength of 341 at the laser energy of (800 mJ). Show more >
An Innovative Therapy by Changing the Gut Microbiome for the Dual Post-Operative Complications of the Recurrent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in the Residual Type II First Branchial Cyst and Facial Nerve Palsy
Published on: 20th December, 2023
A very unusual, interesting, and challenging case of a 24-year-old female who was born with three openings in the neck. The patient had chronic abdominal gaseous distention, recurrent abdominal pain, and constipation since early infancy. The patient ... presented in emergency with acute painful red, hot, and tender swelling in the left upper cervical area. Laboratory studies showed high inflammatory markers and a provisional diagnosis of abscess with a sinus was made. The patient underwent an emergency incision and drainage. Sinus recurred and a sinogram showed it to be a residual cyst in the left submandibular salivary gland. The total cyst excision was attempted with resultant recurrence and grade IV facial nerve palsy. Post-operatively recurrent infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) required several courses of oral and intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics with several hospital admissions with no resolution in sight. Subsequent ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a residual infected cyst, cutaneous sinus, and a fistula opening in the left ear canal. A diagnosis of branchial cyst type II of the first brachial cleft remnant with a fistula was established with bilateral branchial fistulas of the second branchial remnants and the associated colorectal hypoganglionosis based on radiological studies. The patient refused any further operative interventions. Therefore, the option of conservative treatment of hypoganglionosis with holobiotics consisting of prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics, laxatives, dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and dietary supplements started. All antibiotics were stopped. These therapies resulted in the resolution of residual first branchial remnants and recurrent MRSA infections with the improvement in the facial nerve palsy from grade V to grade III-IV together with an excellent cosmetic and functional result. The patient is doing well at follow-ups being infection-free for 18 months and repeat contrast-enhanced computed tomogram (CECT) has shown complete resolution of the residual cyst, sinus, and fistula with fibrosis. Show more >
Celiac disease in a teenager revealed with Wernicke Encephalopathy
Published on: 27th December, 2023
Background: Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurological condition defined by a clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. This disease is due to thiamine deficiency.Case presentation: After persistent diarrhea and vomiting, a 15-y... ear-old boy presented up-beating nystagmus, with binocular vertical diplopia and unstable gait. An etiological workup revealed a celiac disease. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral periaqueductal region lesions. Treatment and discussion: Because of suspected Wernicke’s encephalopathy, the patient was treated with thiamine replacement and significant improvement of symptoms took place. Wernicke encephalopathy is a serious medical disorder with enormous morbidity and mortality. Evaluation should include patient history with a physical and ophthalmologic examination and laboratory workup with appropriate imaging.Conclusion: Undiagnosed celiac disease can lead to malabsorption of vitamin B1 causing acute symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy. Show more >
Comparative Study of Cerebral Volumetric Variations in Patients with Schizophrenia with their Unaffected First-degree Relatives, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique, a Case-control Study
Published on: 3rd January, 2024
Background and purpose: Schizophrenia (SZH) is a chronic mental disorder affecting the individuals` thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. People with SZH may experience a wide range of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Since there... are no laboratory assays for definite SZH diagnosis, the authors aimed to identify the cerebral volumetric variations in SZH patients with the most prevalent positive symptoms as a diagnostic tool. This study selected 15 SZH patients displaying the most prevalent positive symptoms based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Assessment tools included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive impairment, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for symptom evaluation, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WIS) for intelligence assessment. Additionally, 15 Healthy Controls (HC) without cerebral pathologies were recruited. T1w MRI images underwent analysis using Freesurfer software. Data analysis employed Mann-Whitney U and χ² tests, considering p < 0.05 as significant.Results: SZH and HC groups showed no significant differences in age and gender. However, significant (p < 0.05) alterations in Gray Matter (GM) volume were observed in SZH patients compared to HC. In the right hemisphere, several regions exhibited volume reduction, including the Fusiform sulcus, Rostral middle frontal gyrus, isthmus cingulate, Frontal pole, Middle temporal gyrus, Lateral occipital gyrus, and Inferior Parietal gyrus. Notably, the Precentral sulcus and Postcentral gyrus demonstrated volume acceleration. Similarly, in the left hemisphere, various regions showed volume reduction while the Paracentral gyrus indicated volume acceleration, all significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: SZH patients display significant volumetric brain changes, indicating potential for future diagnostic procedures in SZH. Show more >
Quantum System Dynamics: Harnessing Constructive Resonance for Technological Advancements, Universal Matter Creation and Exploring the Paradigm of Resonance-induced Gravity
Published on: 9th May, 2024
The complex dynamics of constructive resonance are the main topic of this quantum physics study, along with its implications for matter generation, the unification of quantum and classical knowledge, and important technological developments. Space-ti... me is conceptualized in terms of an interwoven fabric in which both linear and non-linear patterns are recorded in an information field. According to this paradigm, basic particle interactions that result in the development of the material universe are referred to as "Constructive Resonance Waves." A five-dimensional cosmos is shaped by the introduction of Cosmic Information (CI), which is essential since it is a basic base vector related to the dimensions of space and time. The Resonance-Induced Information Force Field (RIIFF) and Constructive Resonance are two new theoretical concepts that are introduced in this paper. Show more >
Fatal Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Myocarditis Mimicking Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy in a 54-year-old Woman with Metastatic Melanoma
Published on: 4th June, 2024
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes, but cardiovascular complications such as ICI-associated myocarditis are a major concern. Diagnosing myocarditis requires integrating biomarkers, e... lectrocardiogram (EKG), cardiac imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. We present a case illustrating these diagnostic challenges, involving a female patient treated with pembrolizumab who developed fatal acute myocarditis mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy.Case report: A 54-year-old woman with mucosal melanoma, treated with pembrolizumab, was hospitalized in May 2023 due to dyspnea and elevated troponin levels. Initial cardiac workups were normal, but subsequent tests revealed borderline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. In late May 2023, the patient was admitted with worsening dyspnea, elevated NT-pro-BNP, and severe hyperlactatemia. Imaging and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed acute myocarditis with atypical presentation, mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, resulting in cardiogenic shock and death seven days post-admission.Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic and management challenges of ICI-associated myocarditis, particularly with atypical presentations. It highlights the need for vigilant, comprehensive monitoring and further research to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing these severe side effects in patients undergoing ICI therapy. Show more >
Clinical Case of Successful Therapy for the Patient with Autism by use of Fetal Stem Cells
Published on: 19th August, 2024
More than 60 million persons all over the world are living with the diagnosis of “Autism”, in accordance with the UNO. According to the WHO, almost every hundredth child is a sufferer of ASD. Such figures emphasize globalization of the problem, and i... ts impact not only on the child’s family but also on the economies of entire countries.Autism diagnosis is difficult and based on the general symptoms in kids. Today, the neuroimaging techniques (methods of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MRI tractography), Electroencephalography (EEG), evoked cognitive potentials and dynamic monitoring of the results help with an objective evaluation of stem cell therapy.Treatment options in modern pharmacology and rehabilitation psychotherapy for ASD kids are limited. Therapy methods do not ensure a full integration into social life and personality awareness. To alleviate likely problems in society, different therapeutic approaches exist that might reduce the manifestation of the various autism symptoms. FSC therapy is one such innovative method that has recently become enough popular.We inform about the clinical case of successful treatment using fetal stem cells for a child with autism followed by the period of 1-year follow-up showing significant clinical results. Over one year, the positive changes that had been proved by the ATEC questionnaire, the EEG results, and MRI-tractography were noted by the patient’s family. As emphasized in the clinical case report, fetal stem cell therapy is a promising and efficient treatment for children with autism. All that was sufficiently confirmed by the results acquired because we saw an overall improvement in this patient. Show more >
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