Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Summary of Current and Future Trends
Published on: 27th June, 2024
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases and is associated with different risk factors (smoking habits, gender, and age). In this scenario, many studies have been conducted to pursue improvement of survival, faster and better therapy response, reduced adverse events, and expanded available therapies and treatments against tumor resistance to drugs. These studies have focused on defining the most prevalent NSCLC biomarkers (EGFR, HER2, ALK, MET, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS G12C, HER3, NTRK, and NRG1) and their actionability. It is noteworthy that expressed kinase receptors can have overlapping mechanisms of activation of different pathways (JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and PLC-c), which can lead to the same outcome of cell proliferation, migration, and survival resulting in increased tumor resistance to treatment. This review provides an overview of the latest findings regarding NSCLC treatment, emphasizing particular biomarkers and potential molecularly altered pathways implicated as targeted therapies. Additionally, it explores the clinical significance of the proposed treatments, their implication on progression-free survival, ongoing clinical trials, and their perspective of evolution so far.
Review on Forensic Analysis of Microbiota in Human
Published on: 4th July, 2024
Numerous studies relate differences in microbial communities to humans. The microbiome is fundamental for the human turn of events, invulnerability, and nourishment. The ordinary microbiota has explicit capability in supplement digestion, xenobiotic and drug digestion, upkeep of underlying trustworthiness of the stomach mucosal boundary, immunomodulation, and assurance against microorganisms. Out of nowhere, it assumes a significant part in criminology. In a few criminal examinations, such perceptible changes in the microbiome and mycobiome can decide the reason or the genuine spot of death. The microbial follows found at the crime location can likewise give obvious proof of responsibility. The point of this audit was to study the microbiome and its applications in scientific sciences and to decide the primary lines of examination that are emerging, as well as its potential commitments to the scientific field.’
Review of AI in Civil Engineering
Published on: 8th July, 2024
This paper reviews the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on civil engineering. It explores AI's fundamental concepts and its applications across structural analysis, construction management, transportation, geotechnical engineering, and sustainability. The review highlights AI's role in automating tasks, predicting outcomes, and optimizing designs throughout project lifecycles. Recent advancements in AI-driven technologies for structural health monitoring, predictive maintenance, and risk assessment are discussed, along with challenges like data quality and model interpretability. Future trends such as autonomous construction and digital twins are examined, emphasizing the need for continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this paper offers insights for leveraging AI to address evolving challenges and opportunities in civil engineering, fostering innovation, sustainability, and resilience in infrastructure development.
The Influence of Gravity on the Frequency of Processes in Various Geospheres of the Earth. Biogenic and Abiogenic Pathways of Formation of HC Accumulations
Published on: 9th July, 2024
Based on the results obtained in the study of the interaction of geological and biosphere processes, we found out that there is a close relationship between them. It was also found that the gravity of the bodies of the solar system on the Earth plays a significant role in the above relationship. The effect of gravity was demonstrated on the movement of lithosphere plates, on the processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, on related climatic cycles, and the biosphere processes, including "living" organisms' evolution and their mass extinctions. The periodicity of these processes due to gravity is shown. It is expressed in the alternation of short-term orogenic periods of the beginning of the processes with long-term geosynclinal periods of their development and completion. Both periods constitute the repetitive orogenic cycles. The relationship of the cycles with the evolution of photosynthesis, as well as with related Organic Matter (OM) accumulation in sediments after mass extinction of organisms, including OM transformation leading to the formation of Hydrocarbon (HC) accumulations, is shown. Biogenic processes accounting for the accumulation and transformation of organic matter in sediments constitute the biogenic pathway of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. It is shown that the influence of gravity extends to the processes in the inner geospheres, including the movement of magma in the asthenosphere under the lithosphere shell, to the movement of hydrogen gas coming from the Earth's core, combining with volatile compounds of elements present in magma, as well as to the rifting process. It is shown that rifting processes lead to the formation of gaseous HC accumulations and constitute a pathway called abiogenic. The obtained results shed light on the peculiarities of the formation of HC accumulations by biogenic and abiogenic pathways, allowing prediction of their chemical characteristics. This is essential when searching for oil and gas and planning exploration works.
Transition to Cellular Nutrition as a Solution to Reduce Threats to Environmental Stability
Published on: 4th July, 2024
Nutrition is the process of supplying the organism with substances that have certain useful characteristics for the organism. It is through the process of nutrition that the organism receives the necessary amount of energy required for normal life activity. The cell is a structural and functional unit of the human body, and it is from a set of similar formations that tissue, organ, and organ systems are formed. Consequently, each cell of the body must receive the necessary supply of nutrients in order to continue its normal functioning. Cellular nutrition is the ability of each cell of the human body to consume nutrient molecules in the amount they need. In this case, the object of the study is just that nutrition, which begins with the nourishment of an individual cell. This article presents the results obtained by analyzing the data regarding the process of making the cell's consumption of the right nutrients while taking into account how the transition to cellular nutrition affects the environment and its constituents.
Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis-optimizing Medical Management: Whether we need a Liver Transplant
Published on: 9th July, 2024
Severe alcoholic hepatitis is an ethical and clinical conundrum, wherein a liver transplant is often recommended. The adequacy of medical treatment versus the risk of recidivism after transplant is often debated. Complete recovery in 26 of 27 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis was observed, and hence the data was retrospectively analysed.Methods: 27 patients, with severe alcoholic hepatitis, with Maddrey's discriminant function between 59.7 to 165.2 (mean 107.53), from June 2017 to May 2022, were followed up for between 11 months to 6 years. INR ranged from 1.99 to 3.7 (mean 2.709), and bilirubin was between 7.6 to 37.01, (mean 20.859). 8 patients had pre-existing liver cirrhosis. All patients received probiotics, nutritional support, physical rehabilitation, saturated fat (clarified butter/ desi ghee) supplementation, and anti-oxidant support. At 90 days, total bilirubin improved to between 1.0 to 6.8 (mean 2.625). ALT (Alanine Transaminase/ SGPT) ranged from 65 to 550 (mean ALT – 197); and AST (Aspartate Transaminase / SGOT) ranged from 58 to 810 (mean AST – 271.51). Both the AST and ALT were near normal after 90 days. One patient died due to bacterial pneumonia and sepsis; the remaining 26 patients made a complete recovery. All patients including those with diagnosed liver cirrhosis, had complete resolution of their ascites, and near-normal liver function. At the last outpatient visit, none had ascites, edema, or encephalopathy, and had normal albumin levels and INR values. Conclusion: Probiotics, nutrition, a saturated fat diet, and exercise; all have shown benefits in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis when tested individually. Concomitant use of all the above has not been reported in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. The role of nutrition alone versus the contribution of nutritional deficiencies and the role of gut-derived endotoxemia need to be studied in detail. How to identify patients who need a transplant, if it is needed at all, remains a challenge.
Design and Construction of Automatic Facemask and Body Temperature Scanning Entry Barrier Machine
Published on: 10th July, 2024
In the context of the global pandemic, public health screening has become paramount as the whole world including developed countries is going through a health crisis. A face mask prevents transpiration and protects against airborne transmitted bacteria or viruses. In the previous scenario of coronavirus, it was critical to eradicate this sickness and preserve our lives. Hence, prevention is better than cure becomes true. Accordingly, many precautionary measures were taken to reduce the spread of the virus. One such method of prevention is wearing a mask and regular monitoring of body temperature. This research dealt with the design and construction of an automatic entry barrier machine that integrates both facemask detection and scanning of individuals exhibiting elevated body temperature functionalities without any human interference. This was accomplished by simulating and synergizing a microprocessor (Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+), a Pi camera, an Infrared Non-contact Temperature sensor, a servo motor, and other components. The barrier arm opens and allows entrance at normal temperature by indicating a green light, displaying ‘allow’ on the LCD, and signaling once or preventing entrance at an elevated unacceptable temperature by indicating a red light, displaying ‘not allowed’ on the LCD, and signaling five (5) times.
Melaleuca Essential Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia cheel) in the Control of Beans Diseases
Published on: 12th July, 2024
Bean cultivation is vital to the global food and economy, especially in Brazil. Facing challenges from diseases that affect production, it is crucial to seek new strategies to maintain productivity and sustainability. Melaleuca alternifolia, known as the tea tree due to its medicinal properties, has little explored potential in controlling diseases in bean plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of tea tree essential oil in controlling diseases in bean cultivation. In vitro tests were carried out to evaluate bacterial growth, at concentrations of (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). And antibiogram with the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, in different concentrations (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%). For the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, sporulation tests were carried out, using direct and indirect methods, at concentrations of (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). Furthermore, for the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, mycelial growth tests were carried out with the same concentrations. The experiments took place in vivo, with a completely randomized statistical design, involving five replications per treatment and concentrations varying from (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). Disease incidence was assessed using a diagrammatic scale, disease severity, Area under the Disease Progress Curve (AACPD) and Area under the Incidence Progress Curve (AACPI). Melaleuca Essential Oil (EO) inhibited the development of fungi and bacteria in in vitro tests starting at 0.5%. In vivo, Melaleuca Essential Oil (EO) showed a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of the disease from 0.5% in both fungi and bacteria. Melaleuca EO can be an effective alternative for disease control in bean cultivation.
Post-catheterization Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with a Mechanical Mitral Valve Requiring Anticoagulation: A Case Report
Published on: 15th July, 2024
Iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of transfemoral vascular access. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman with a mechanical mitral valve requiring warfarin, who developed a femoral pseudoaneurysm four days after cardiac catheterization with femoral access. The patient developed a 17 x 10 x 17 cm rectus sheath hematoma and was treated with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. Anticoagulation was held for three days while the patient was monitored for further bleeding and later restarted based on shared decision-making, given the risk of valve thrombosis. There are few guidelines regarding the re-initiation of anticoagulation in high-risk bleeding patients with mechanical mitral valves. Non-invasive coronary computed tomography angiography should be considered in patients on anticoagulation who require non-emergent cardiac ischemic evaluation.
Current Practices for Severe Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Associated COPD and Emphysema
Published on: 26th July, 2024
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. Although it is the most well-studied genetic risk factor for emphysema, data is still scarce. Traditionally, medical therapy is similar to standard chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Over the past several decades, enzyme augmentation therapy has emerged as a highly utilized alpha-1 antitrypsin-specific therapy. It has become the standard of care for severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency despite unclear effects on a multitude of clinical outcomes. Significant data supports interventional therapies, including lung volume reduction surgery and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients without alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. These interventions have less robust data in the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review will explore the data regarding various treatment options for severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia - Post Major ABO Incompatible Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation Role of Ibrutinib
Published on: 24th July, 2024
Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a well-recognized complication of Major ABO-incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is featured by anemia, Reticulocytopenia, and the absence of erythroblasts in a normal-appearing bone marrow biopsy. The mechanism for PRCA is presumed to be the persistence of recipient isoagglutinins, produced by residual host B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which probably interfere with the engraftment of donor erythroid cells. Several risk factors for PRCA have been reported, such as the presence of Anti-A Isoagglutininsbefore transplantation, reduced intensity conditioning, absence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), sibling donor and Cyclosporin A(CsA) as GVHD prophylaxis. PRCA is not a barrier to going ahead with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). There are many therapeutic options however few recover spontaneously, among the available options include high-dose steroids, Erythropoietin(EPO), Plasma exchange, Donor lymphocyte Infusion (DLI), treatment with Rituximab, Bortezomib, Daratumumab and tapering or discontinuation of immunosuppression. All these options have variable success in the literature ranging from 30% - 70%, Non-responders become red cell transfusion dependent and their quality of life is impaired. We are reporting a novel therapeutic option, Ibrutinib as an armamentarium in treating the PRCA post-HSCT, which works by blocking the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) pathway thereby inhibiting the host B cell isoagglutinins production and good clinical response.
Post-COVID-19 Era, 15th Minutes City New Urban Model Changing Housing Design and Models
Published on: 25th July, 2024
This research centered on the transition from sustainability to the post-COVID-19 era, significantly altered and transformed cities, city plans, and housing models holistically approach. Although the academic world concentrating on sustainable urban and housing design since the 1990s, the pandemic has emerged as a critical paradigm shift in context since 2019. During the COVID-19 period the Paris city 15 minutes concept, first introduced by Paris Mayor A. Hidalgo initially sparked controversy as temporary now considered permanent in Paris recently, Oxford. In the post-pandemic era, sustainability has become significant on the global agenda, shaping cities, city models, and residences through profound and radical changes. Some efforts are supported by Climate-change conferences in the world and subsequently some determinations like the Paris Agreement and UN declarations that guide more livable environments and houses. Due to COVID-19 the newly emerged conditions and compulsory changes that have taken place in the cities the social isolation, distance living, and remote working led to radical changes in the living style, environment, city plans, housing models, and typologies holistically. Although many publications have been published in the last few years about the pandemic and the Paris City 15 minutes concept, they only address the city and urban scale solutions. There is no research with a holistic approach that relates the subject from the urban scale to the architectural scale, housing, and blocks. Within the 15-minute concept, searched, developed, innovative, and sustainable urban and housing-oriented suggestions for cities in the future are presented at the end of the research. In conclusion, it is revealed that the issue of sustainability has gained importance with an increasing momentum in the world agenda, witnessed the radical changes in cities and residences, in the post-COVID-19 period in the last 2-3 years.
Reliability and Diagnostic Performance of Transient Hepatic Elastography in Chronic Hepatitis C during the Training Phase
Published on: 2nd August, 2024
Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 58 million people worldwide and around 700,000 individuals in Brazil. Various non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis have been proposed, such as transient hepatic elastography (THE) using FibroScan®. However, the reliability of the performance, by operators in the training phase is undetermined, which hinders its applicability in clinical practice. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of training an inexperienced operator to perform the examinations using FibroScan® in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Specifically, the frequency of unreliable results throughout the training was assessed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection including compensated chronic hepatitis C patients who underwent the examinations using FibroScan® between March 2014 and December 2016, performed by two researchers. Included patients were divided into two groups based on the operator's experience in the examination: the Experienced Examiner (EE) group and the Examiner in Training (ET) group, with the latter divided into two phases: phase 1, consisting of the first 100 examinations, and phase 2, comprising subsequent examinations. For the reliability analysis, parameters such as success rate (SR), interquartile range (IQR) to median (Md) ratio (IQR/Md), and reliability criteria of Castéra, et al. and Boursier, et al. were used. Results: Between March 2014 and December 2016, 771 adult HCV-infected individuals were evaluated and divided into EE group (n = 161), ET phase 1 (n = 100), and ET phase 2 (n = 158), showing similar demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. SR and IQR/Md ratios were similar among EE, ET phase 1, and ET phase 2 groups. The proportion of reliable results was comparable in all three groups, using Castéra, et al. reliability criteria (92.5%, 92.0%, and 97.5%, respectively) and Boursier, et al. criteria (96.9%, 95.0%, and 98.1%, respectively). Conclusion: A short training period (up to 100 examinations) seems to be sufficient for them to have good clinical applicability in the hands of an operator with initial experience in the method
Air Quality Dynamics in Sichuan Province: Sentinel-5P Data Insights (2019-2023)
Published on: 2nd August, 2024
This study assesses air pollution in Sichuan Province, China, from January 2019 to December 2023 using Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite data. The analysis reveals distinct seasonal variations in levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), and Ozone (O₃), with urban areas experiencing higher concentrations due to industrial and vehicular emissions. CO and O₃ frequently exceeded WHO guidelines, particularly in winter and summer, indicating significant health risks. While most pollutant levels remained within safety limits, the findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies to improve air quality and safeguard public health, especially in urban environments.
Intelligent Design of Ecological Furniture in Risk Areas based on Artificial Simulation
Published on: 5th August, 2024
The study is based on the characterization of different AI models applied in the public furniture design analyzing the conditions of risk, materiality, and integration of variables in two AI generative modeling algorithms. As risky since they contain flood-prone areas, low vegetation coverage, and underdevelopment of infrastructure; therefore, these characterizations are tested through artificial simulation. The experimental method is applied through laboratory tests of various material components and their structuring in 3D simulators to check their resistance and risk scenarios. The case study of one of the most risky and populated areas of the informal settlement area of the Northwest of Guayaquil, such as the Coop, is analyzed. Sergio Toral is the focal point for on-site testing. It is concluded that the generation of a planned scheme of ecological furniture with different materials responds more effectively to the territory and that through artificial simulation an advantage can be obtained in terms of execution time and results, thus demonstrating that artificial intelligence is an ideal tool. To generate furniture design proposals that are more diverse, innovative, and functional with the environment, but it generates a minimum level of error for specific designs in the experimental model_01 of 0.1% to 3% and a high level in the experimental model_02 with an increasing error from 20% to 70%. As a future line of research, it is proposed to generate a simulated system of all the new informal settlements in Guayaquil and establish focal points for the implementation of new ecological furniture.
Agro-morphological Growth Response of Acha (FONIO) (Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua [kippist] Stapf.) Exposed to Colchicine: Number of Spikes, Spike Length, Number of Seeds per Spike and Grain Yield
Published on: 6th August, 2024
This study aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine treatment on the reproductive traits and grain yield of two species of Acha, Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. Colchicine, a mitotic inhibitor, is known for inducing polyploidy and altering plant characteristics. The study focused on evaluating number of spikes, spike length, number of seeds per spike, and grain yield per hectare. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment groups included colchicine-treated plants at varying concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g/dL) and control plants (untreated). The colchicine treatment involved the soaking of both Acha species in the colchicine solution for a period of 24 hours. While the control groups were soaked in distilled water. The results showed that colchicine treatment significantly affected the agronomic traits and grain yield of both Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. Colchicine treatment led to an increase in the number of spikes (5.80 and 9.90 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), spike length (13.60 cm and 19.50 cm for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), and number of seeds per spike (168.30 and 253.30 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), compared to the control group. Additionally, the grain yield per hectare was significantly higher (427.80gha-1 and 2126.70gha-1 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively) in the colchicine-treated group. These findings suggest that colchicine treatment can effectively enhance the agronomic traits and grain yield of both Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. The induced polyploidy through colchicine treatment likely contributed to the observed improvements in plant productivity. Further research is warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to optimize the colchicine treatment protocol for Acha cultivation and improvement.
Obstetric Renal Failure: Causes, Prognosis, and Evolution
Published on: 8th August, 2024
The incidence of obstetric acute renal failure remains significant in developing countries. The aim of our study is to define the risk factors involved in the occurrence of ARF during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period and to evaluate its evolutionary profile in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic management over the years in Morocco. This is a retrospective study conducted in the maternal-infant resuscitation service of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, over the period from January 2020 to August 2023, including 95 patients. The current incidence in our series over this period was 22.2%. The mean age of our population was 33 ± 7.74 years [18-43 years], 67.3% of patients were in the gestational period, compared to 33.7% in the immediate postpartum period. Fourteen patients were primiparous (8.6%), 27.4% had a history of miscarriage, and 10.7% had a history of pre-eclampsia. Oligo-anuria was initially identified in 24 patients. The most frequent etiology was pre-eclampsia (56.7%), followed by hemorrhage (27%) and sepsis (19.3%). The evolution was marked by recourse to hemodialysis in 62% of cases, with a maternal mortality of 26%. The existence of heart disease, the context of pre-eclampsia, and the use of diuretics and vasoactive drugs were significantly correlated with maternal survival. No factor was correlated with secondary recovery from ARF. The development of health structures and the optimization of screening strategies are the keywords for prevention.
Imaging Challenge in Recurrent Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD): A Case Report
Published on: 8th August, 2024
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) represents a significant cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patient populations with low-risk cardiovascular profiles and, therefore can be sometimes underdiagnosed. On the other hand, it often preserves the typical clinical presentation of ACS which makes coronary artery angiography (CAG) execution mandatory. A 62-year-old woman with a history of recurrent SCAD presented to the emergency department for a new episode of acute chest pain with troponin elevation. CAG revealed an ambiguous angiography image suggesting a sub-occlusive type 2 SCAD involving the distal segment of the left circumflex artery. The patient was managed conservatively due to the absence of ongoing ischemia or hemodynamic instability. At the seven-day follow-up, a computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) was performed to better assess SCAD and detect concomitant associated arteriopathies. Optimized medical therapy was prescribed at the discharge and at one-month follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms was referred.
Antibacterial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fecal Samples of Humans and Animals in Selected Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Published on: 13th August, 2024
It is quite alarming the increasing rate of antibacterial resistance all over the world considering the public health threat and the re-emergence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study is Antibacterial resistance and phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human and animal fecal samples in selected local government areas of Nasarawa state, Nigeria was carried out in the study. Hundred (100) samples comprising human and animal (goats, cattle, and chicken) were collected and 55 samples were multidrug resistant. A commercial biochemical kit (Eneterosystem 18R) was used for the isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method was used for antibacterial susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method was also used for the phenotypic confirmation test of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). The occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates shows that Escherichia coli (100.00%) which is the highest, Proteus mirabilis (14.54%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica (10.90%), while the occurrence of Shigella flexneri (9.09%) was the lowest. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were more resistant to Cefuroxime, Cefexime, Amoxicillin Clavulanate, and Imipenem/Cilastatin with percentage resistance ranges from 66.6% - 100%. The occurrence of ESBL producers shows that Escherichia coli (60.00%) and Proteus mirabilis (62.5%) were high while Shigella flexneri (20.0%) had a low occurrence of ESBL. The sale and in-discriminate use of antibiotics without a prescription is an important regulatory issue in the abuse of antibiotics for both humans and animals. The Beta-Lactam and gentamycin antibiotics were not effective against the Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates and most of the isolates were ESBL producers.
Required Elements for Next-generation Prognostic Index beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure
Published on: 12th August, 2024
Many reports are showing no differences in prognosis between patients with Heart Failure (HF) with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. All-in-one analysis with a multivariable model, including clinical characteristics, blood test, comorbidity, and echocardiographic indices, on clinical outcomes in patients with HF has not been performed rarely in previous studies. We have to accept the need to be more comprehensive in the outcome analysis of patients with HF and consider the intricate interplay of multiple variables in patient outcomes.
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